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基于拉盖尔-高斯光束的单光子捕获概率研究（英文）.docx

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基于拉盖尔-高斯光束的单光子捕获概率研究（英文） Introduction: Single-photondetectionhasbecomeincreasinglyimportantinthefieldofquantuminformationandcommunication.Thedetectionefficiencyofsinglephotonsplaysacriticalroleinthedevelopmentofthesetechnologies.Oneofthekeyfactorsaffectingthedetectionefficiencyistheprobabilityofcapturingsinglephotonsbydetectors.Inthispaper,wewillfocusonthestudyofthecaptureprobabilityofsinglephotonsbasedonLaguerre-Gaussianbeams. Laguerre-Gaussianbeamsareaclassoflightbeamsthathavesignificantpotentialforapplicationsinquantuminformationandcommunicationduetotheirabilitytocarryorbitalangularmomentum.ThemathematicalrepresentationofLaguerre-GaussianbeamsinvolvestheuseofLaguerrepolynomialsandallowsforthedescriptionofthebeam’sintensityprofile,phase,andpolarization. SinglePhotonDetection: Single-photondetectionisthekeytomanyapplicationsinquantuminformationandcommunication.Thedetectionprocessistypicallyachievedusingphotodetectors,whichconvertphotonsintoelectricalsignals.Theprobabilityofcapturingasinglephotonbyadetectorisanimportantparameterthatdeterminestheoveralldetectionefficiency.Thisprobabilitydependsonvariousfactors,includingthepropertiesofthelightbeam,thegeometricdimensionsofthedetector,anditsefficiency. Laguerre-GaussianBeams: Laguerre-Gaussianbeamsareatypeofbeamwithawell-definedorbitalangularmomentum(OAM).TheOAMofabeamgivesitauniquehelicalphasestructureandisquantizedinunitsofħ(Planck'sconstantdividedby2π).ThispropertymakesLaguerre-Gaussianbeamsparticularlyusefulforencodingandtransmittinginformation. Thesebeamscanbegeneratedusinganumberoftechniques,includingtheuseofspatiallightmodulators(SLMs),computer-generatedholography(CGH),anddiffractiveopticalelements(DOEs).Laguerre-Gaussianbeamsarecharacterizedbytheirradialandazimuthalindices,pandℓ,respectively. Single-PhotonCaptureProbability: Theprobabilityofcapturingasinglephotonbyadetectorcanbecalculatedusingtheoverlapintegralbetweenthedetector'sactiveareaandthewavefrontoftheincomingphoton.Thewavefrontcanbemodeledusingthereleva