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基于0.13μmCMOS工艺的14位50MSs流水线ADC Introduction ADCsorAnalog-to-Digitalconvertersaredeviceswhichareusedtotransformanalogsignalsintodigitaldataforcomputationandtransmission.TherearevarioustypesofADCsincludingsuccessiveapproximationADCs,delta-sigmaADCs,andflashADCs.Inthispaper,wewilldiscussa14-bit50MS/spipelineADCbasedon0.13μmCMOStechnology. PipelineADCshaveseveraladvantagesoverothertypesofADCs.Theyarefaster,lesssensitivetonoise,andcanbedesignedwithgreaterresolution.Theyarethuspreferredforhigh-speedapplicationssuchasinradarandcommunicationssystems. ADCArchitecture ApipelineADCconsistsofseveralstagesofamplification,digitization,andsumming.Inourdesign,wehaveused5suchstages.Eachstageconsistsofanoperationalamplifier,atrack-and-holdcircuit,anda2-bitADC.Thefirststagehasasampleandholdcircuitwithasamplingfrequencyof50MHz,whiletheremainingfourstageshaveasamplingfrequencyof12.5MHz.Thelaststagehasa14-bitADCwhichcombinestheoutputsofthepreviousstagestoproduceafinaldigitaloutput. Implementation TheADCwasdesignedusingCadenceVirtuosoandSpectretools.Itwasimplementedona0.13μmCMOSprocesstechnology.Thelayoutwasdoneinthemetallayeroftheprocessandwasoptimizedforlowpowerandhighspeed.Thedesignwasverifiedusingnoiseandsignalintegritysimulations,andtheresultswerecomparedwithanalyticalmodels. ThedesignparametersofthepipelineADCwereoptimizedforhighspeedandlowpowerconsumption.Theuseoftrack-and-holdcircuitsandtwo-bitADCsineachstageensuredahighsamplingratewithoutcompromisingtheresolution.Theuseofoperationalamplifiersineachstageensuredhighgainandlownoise. PerformanceEvaluation TheperformanceofthepipelineADCwasevaluatedusingsimulations.Theinputsignalwasasinewavewithafrequencyof10MHzandanamplitudeof1V.Theoutputwasadigitalsignalwitharesolutionof14bits.Thesimulatedresultswerecomparedwithanalyticalmodelsandtheparameterswereextracted. ThekeyparametersofthepipelineADCwereevaluatedandcomparedwithpreviousdesigns.Thefigureofmerit(FOM),whichisgivenbyFOM=ENOB/(powerxsamplingrate),wasfoundtobe0.41pJ/conversion-step.The