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ω-转氨酶不对称合成手性胺及非天然氨基酸的研究进展.docx

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ω-转氨酶不对称合成手性胺及非天然氨基酸的研究进展 Introduction Chiralaminesandnon-naturalaminoacidsareimportantbuildingblocksinthepharmaceutical,agrochemical,andmaterialsindustries.Thetraditionalmethodtosynthesizechiralaminesandnon-naturalaminoacidsisbasedonchemicalmethodswhichinvolvetheuseofchiralreagentsorcatalysts,oftenrequiringtediousandexpensivepurificationprocesses.Alternatively,enzymessuchastransaminaseshaveemergedasagreenandcost-effectivemethodforsynthesizingenantiopurechiralaminesandnon-naturalaminoacids. Ω-transaminasesasatoolforsynthesizingchiralaminesandnon-naturalaminoacids Ω-transaminasesareaclassofenzymesthatcatalyzethetransferofanaminogroupfromanaminoacidtoaketoneoranaldehyde,leadingtotheformationofanewchiralamineandacorrespondingketoacidoraldehyde.Theseenzymeshavebeenextensivelystudiedandemployedinvariousbiotransformationstoproduceawiderangeofchiralamines,aminoalcohols,andnon-naturalaminoacidswithhighenantiomericexcess(ee)values.Ω-transaminaseshavebeenisolatedfromdifferentmicrobialsources,includingbacteria,fungi,andarchaea,thusmakingthemapplicabletoavarietyofsubstrates. ThestereoselectivityofΩ-transaminasescanbeattributedtothespecificinteractionbetweentheenzymeanditssubstrate.Thepresenceofachiralcenterinthereactionsubstrateandthespatialorientationofthesubstrateattheactivesiteoftheenzymearethecriticalfactorsgoverningthestereoselectivityofthereaction.TheadvantageofΩ-transaminasesoverchemicalmethodsistheabilitytoproducechiralaminesandnon-naturalaminoacidsinaone-stepreactionwithoutrequiringanycomplexsynthesisorpurificationsteps. ApplicationsofΩ-transaminasesinthesynthesisofchiralaminesandnon-naturalaminoacids TheapplicationsofΩ-transaminasesarebroadandsignificant.Thesynthesisofchiralaminesisespeciallyimportantinthepharmaceuticalindustry,whereenantiomericpurityiscriticaltotheactivity,toxicity,andpharmacokineticsofthedrug.Forexample,theΩ-aminoacidtransaminasefromVibriofluvialishasbeenusedtosynthesize(S)-3-aminomethyl-5-methylhexanoicacid,akeyintermediateinthesynthesisoftheantiep