【大二英语】【中国文化概况】中国文化概况期末考试复习资料.pdf

Chapter1AGeneralIntroductiontoChineseCulture

WordsandExpressions:

thedescendantsofYanandHuang炎黄子孙

porcelain瓷器

TheappellationofChina

Chinesehistorybeganwithtwolegendaryfigures—EmperorHuangandEmperorYan,who,

togetherwiththeirtribes,inhabitedthedrainageareaalongthemiddlereaches（中游）ofthe

YellowRiver.BythetimeofXiaDynasty,aftercenturiesoflivingsidebyside,thesetwotribes

hadgraduallymergedinto（合并，融合）one.Consequently,theChinesepeopleusuallycall

themselves“thedescendantsofanYandHuang”.

Peopleatthattimebelievedthatthelandtheylivedonwasthecenteroftheworld,andcalledtheir

statethe"MiddleKingdom"(中国),thusgivingChinaitscountryname.

Chinaistheappellationofourcountrygivenbyforeigners.Theporcelainchinaisthe

transliterationoftheplacenameChangnan(昌南),whichwastheoldnameforJingdezhen（景德

镇）.TheporcelainmadeinChangnanwassmoothandbright,andearnedanothernameof

artificialjade.ItbecamefamousbothhomeandabroadandwasexportedtoEuropeinlarge

quantities.

InEurope,peopleregardedChangnanporcelainassomethingpreciousanddelicateandwould

takeprideinpossessingone.Astimepassed,peopleinEuropeforgotthemeaningofChangnan

andswitchedtheoriginalmeaningofporcelainoftheword“china”totheplaceofitsorigin.

Chapter2ChinesePhilosophyandReligion

Part1ChineseThoughtsandPhilosophy

WordsandExpressions:

Confucianism儒家

Taoism道家

TheAnalects《论语》

benevolence仁慈，善行

ritual礼制，仪式，惯例

filialpiety孝，孝心

TheDevelopmentofAncientChinesePhilosophy
ThephilosophyinPre-Qintimes(先秦子学)

TheorthodoxphilosophyduringtheHanDynasty(两汉经学)

MetaphysicsduringtheWeiandJindynasties(魏晋玄学)

ThebuddhistphilosophyduringtheSuiandTangdynasties(隋唐佛学)

Neo-confucianisminSongandMingdynasties(宋明理学)

ApplicationphilosophyintheMingandQingdynasties(明清实学)

ThephilosophyinPre-Qintimes(先秦子学)

ThephilosophyinPre-Qintimeswasmarkedbytheemergenceofvariousancientphilosophical

views.

ThemostinfluentialschoolswereConfucianism(儒家),Taoism(道家),Mohism(墨家)and

Legalism(法家)

1.Confucianism

ConfucianismisaschoolofthoughtrepresentedbyConfuciusandMencius.Co