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OutlineoftheHistoryoftheEnglishLiterature.doc

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OutlineoftheHistoryoftheEnglishLiterature 5thcenturyB.C.TheearliestinhabitantsoftheBritishislands—Celtics,onetribeofwhich,Bretons,invadedtheGreatBritainandsettledtherefornearly500years.55B.C.RomanconquestbyJuliusCaesarbroughttheancientromanticculture.TheAnglo-Saxons—abranchoftheGermanictribeexpelledtheCelticstotheremoteareasofthenorthandthewest.TheirmothertonguewastheprototypeofthemodernEnglish.EnglandmeansthedwellingsoftheAnglos.Thelatterhalfofthe7thcenturyThefirstpoetoftheBritain—Caedmanwasborn.Around8thcenturyThefirstwell-preservedepic—Beowulfemerged.9thcenturyKingAlfred’sreigngreatlyenhancedthedevelopmentoftheEnglishculture.1057ScottishkingMacbethdied.Severalhundredsyearslater,Shakespearecreatedthefamoustragedywithhimastheprotagonist.1066Normanconquest.Asaresult,FrenchreplacedEnglishastheofficiallanguageanddominatedtheliterarycreation.TheresumptionoftheEnglishasthemainlyusedlanguagewasaftertheEnglishandFrenchCenturialWar300yearslater.I.Anglo-Saxonperiod.Epic:“Beowulf”—Beowulf,ahero,killedGrendel,aseamonster(thoughttobetheoffspringofCain,firstmurdererintheGenesis.Itsartisticforms,suchaskenningandalliterationhadagreatinfluenceuponthepoetsthatfollowed.Layamon’s“Brut”recordedthelegendsofKingArthuranditwasalsoanimportantsignoftheresumptionoftheEnglishlanguage.II.Medievalperiod.A.GeoffreyChaucer:“TheCanterburyTales”,acollectionofshortstoriesdepictingrealisticallythepanoramaof14thcenturyEngland.Hisstyleofwritingwasfluentandhumorous,andhisthoughtsevensurpassedhiscontemporaries.Hissharpperceptionofhumannatureisthebasiccauseofhispermanentcharmandpopularity.B.Somemajoreventsinthe15thcenturycontributingtotheRenaissance:a.ReligiousreformledbyMartinLutherinGermanyandJohnCalvininFrancebrokethedarkcloudsofthemedievalEuropeanddestroyedthemanaclesofreligiononpeople’sthoughtsandspirits.b.ThedemiseoftheEasterRomanEmpire,asaresultofthefalloftheConstantinople,forcedmanyGreekscholarfleetotheItalywiththeremnantantiques.TheseartistictreasuresoftheancientGreeceandRomanactedavitalroleinth