On the Rise and Decline of Great Britain 大不列颠帝国的兴-豆柴文库

On the Rise and Decline of Great Britain 大不列颠帝国的兴.doc

2024-10-23

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PAGE\*MERGEFORMAT6 TheCrisisofBritainAndtheBritishEmpire GreatBritain,oneofthemostimportantcountriesintheworld,oncewasthebiggestoftheworldpowers.Withthedeclineofthefeudalismandtheincreaseoftheinfluenceofthenew-bornbourgeoisie,shebeganhercapitalistdevelopment.Throughtheclosureandforeignplunder,expansionandaggression,shecompletedtheprimitiveaccumulationofcapital.Shebecamethefirstcountrytoundergotheindustrialrevolution.Soonshebecametheworkshopoftheworldandhadthelargestcoloniesandthemostpowerfulcountryintheworld.However,inthelate19thcenturywiththecompetitionofthenewindustrializedcountriesandotherfactors,shebegantolosetheupperhand.Afterwards,shesufferedgreatlossinthetwoworldwars.Fromthenon,thegreatcountrybegantodecline.ThecolonieslaidoverseasbegantorevoltagainstBritainandwonindependence.Thecountryhaslostherpositionintheworldstageasthefirstpower.However,BritainstillhasagreatinfluenceonInternationalaffairs. After1066inEngland,TheNormansbegantoinvadetheNormanasBritain'sking.Theyestablishedthecentralization,coupledwiththelocalgovernment--AnglosSaxonoriginalrulemethod,whichmakesthekingofEnglandbecomethemostpowerfulkinginEurope.WhenKingJohnascendsthethronglateinthirteenthcentury,helostwarsagainandagain.AndEnglandhadlostplentyofland.In1215,theparliamentforcedKingJohntosigntheGreatCharter. TheKingsofBritainrevisedtheGreatCharterforseveraltimes,itcontainsmoreaboutpeople’sright.Anditgraduallyevolvedtomodernconstitutionalmonarchy.Andthecountryhasgraduallyformedatraditionofdemocracy,whichdevelopstotheparliamentarism.ThechambermadeupofthenoblesandclergymenwascalledtheHouseofLords.Thesetwohousesconstitutedthelaw-makerofEngland,whichwasthefirsttoexperimentwiththeparliamentarysystemintheworld. ThetraditionofdemocracyandtheparliamentarismsetsagoodlayerofthelaterrevolutionandtheriseofGreatBritain. FeudalismcameintobeingwiththeNormanConquest,butcomparativelyspeaking;EnglandexperiencedashorterperiodthanmostAsiancountriesandshowedclearsignsofdeclininginthe14thcentury. TheAnglo-Norma

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