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OntheDevelopmentandDeclineofChivalry.doc

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OntheDevelopmentandDeclineofChivalry (外国语言文学系商本0901B姓名：学号： Abstract:Chivalry,alsoknownasKnighthood,canbedefinedasthegeneralcollectionoforganizations,regulations,moralsandnormsownedparticularlybytheknightclassinwestEuropeintheMiddleAges.Thissystem,withitsnatureofthedictatorshipofmid-and-smallishfeudalnobles,isbasedonthevassalageofland,bondedwithknightenlistment,directedbyChristianthought.Narrowlyspeaking,itisakindofmilitarysystem.Generallyspeaking,itservesasasystemaswellasamoralconcept.SinceChivalryhasalong-lastingimpactonthedevelopinghistoryofwestEurope,Ifancy,itisquitenecessarytotalkaboutthedevelopmentanddeclineofChivalry. Keywords:Chivalry;Knighthood;Moral;Development;Decline Introduction: Theknighthood,originatedwiththejointeffortsofseveralelements,includingancienthistoryrecollectionsandvarioussocialfactsatthattime.Alloftheseelementstogethergavebirthtomilitaryfiefwhichservedastheeconomicisotopiccarrierfortheendowmentofpoliticalrightsonknightclass.UnderthespiritualshapingofChristianthought,Chivalrywasestablishedfirmly. Chivalry,asamilitaryregimebuiltonthefiefsystem,primitivelyoriginatedinFrankishKingdominthe8thcentury.Thenitwaspassedtothenorth,tothewestofReichacrossFlender,Burgundyandsoon.ItissafetosaythatChivalryisakindofmechanismonthewholeEuropeancontinent.Tobefrank,itsdevelopmentcanbedividedintothreestages. Threestagesofdevelopment: 2.1ThefirststagewasapproximatelyfromtheMilitaryReformofCharlesMartel,totheendof11thcentury.Duringthisperiod,Chivalrywasstillontheprimarylevel.Herefollowsitsseveralfeatures. 2.1.1Knightswereprofessionalsoldiersandtheprimitivesoldierswereconsideredasthemostfaithfulandthebravestpeople.Theyshoulderedthemissionofprotectingnationalpeople.Theirmajortaskwastofightinvariousbattlesandtoservetheirsuzerains.Itwasestimatedthattheywereatwarfor40—60daysperyear.Therefore,itsmilitaryfeaturecanbeplainlyseen.Knightswereanopenclassbefore11thcentury.Anypersonwhocouldaffordtobuyweaponsandhorsesandhadeverparticipatedofficiallyintheceremonycoulddeservethen