非谓语动词作主宾表定状补.doc

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语法探究----非谓语动词（作主语，宾语，表语）
主语宾语表语

不定式
（todo）
否定形式：
nottodo

表示特定的某一次具体的动作。

①Tofinishtheworkintendaysisveryhard.
②Tochangethewholeplanisverydifficult.

{说明}有时可用it作形式主语，将作真正主语的不定式后置。

①Itisveryhardtofinishtheworkintendays.
②Itisverydifficulttochangethewholeplan.常跟在一些动词后作宾语，如decide/refuse/hope/agree/pretend/fail/manage/plan/promise等

①Weagreedtomeethere.
②Hemanagedtocatchsightofsomemountaingoats.

{说明}在下列结构中，用it作形式宾语而将作宾语的不定式后置。
find/think/considerit+adj.+todo
③Wethoughtitbettertostartearly.
④Ifindithardtoworkwithhim.表示将来的打算或目的。

①Hiswishistobuyacarinthenearfuture.
他的愿望是在不久的将来买辆车。

②Thenextstepistomakesureofthetime.
下一步是把时间弄清楚。

--ing形式（doing）

否定形式：
notdoing

表示经常性的抽象的行为。
①Swimmingisabestsportinsummer.
②Livingwithoutanaimislikesailingwithoutacompass(指南针).
{说明}在下列句型中唱常用it作形式主语。
Itisnousedoingsth.
Itisnogooddoingsth.
Itisawasteoftimedoingsth.常跟在介词，某些动词或动词短语后作宾语。
如：miss/avoid/finish/
practice/enjoy/suggest/permit/imagine/can’thelp/giveup/lookforwardto/spendtime(in)doingsth/havedifficulty(in)doingsth等
①You’dbetteravoidmeetinghim.
②Heispractisingplayingthepiano.1)表示主语的特点“令人……的”
①Thebookisinteresting.
②Thenewsisexciting.
2)表示主语的具体内容。
③Hisjobisdeliveringnewspapers.
④WhatIhatemostisbeinglaughedat.
过去分词（done）

×

×表示主语所处的状态“…的”
①Thedoorremainedlocked.
②Heseemedquitepleasedattheidea.
语法填空
Onelearnsalanguagebymakingmistakesand___________(correct)them.
2.ChinarecentlytighteneditswaterscontrolsneartheHuangyanIslandtopreventChinesefishingboatsfrom______________(attack)intheSouthChinaSea.
3.We’vehadagoodstart,butnext,moreworkneeds_____________(do)toachievethefinalsuccess.
4.Nomatterhowbrightatalkeryouare,therearetimeswhenit’sbetter_____________(remain)silent.
5.Ladexdoesn’tfeellike__(study)abroad.Herparentsareold.
6.Billsuggested_____(hold)ameetingonwhattodofortheShanghaiExpoduringthevacation.
7.Youcan’timaginewhatdifficultywehad______(walk)homeinthesnowstorm.
8.Ican’tstand____________（work）withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses__________（stop）talkingwhileshe