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一种基于主应力的双方向渐进结构拓扑优化方法 Abstract Thispaperproposesanewtopologyoptimizationmethodforbi-directionalgraduallyevolvingstructuresbasedonprincipalstress.Bytransformingtheoriginalbi-directionalgraduallyevolvingstructureintoalatticestructure,themethodallowsforfindinganoptimizedlatticestructurewithminimalcompliance.Thebasicprinciplebehindthemethodistoidentifythedirectionoftheprincipalstressandapplyregularizediso-densityfilteringtechniqueinthetwoorthogonaldirections.Thismethodhasbeenprovenhighlyeffectiveintopologyoptimizationproblemsforbi-directionalgraduallyevolvingstructures,demonstratingremarkableoptimizationresultsforcomplex3Dstructures. Introduction Topologicaloptimizationhasbecomeaninternalpartofmodernengineeringdesign,withthepotentialforsignificantsavingsindesigntime,materialcosts,andimprovedstructuralperformance.Thetopologyoptimizationmethodiswidelyusedintheaerospace,automotive,andmechanicalengineeringindustries.Inrecentyears,thebi-directionalgraduallyevolvingstructureshavereceivedmuchattentionintheresearchcommunityduetotheirspecializedfunctioninthefieldofmicro-electromechanicalsystems(MEMS),aerospaceengineering,andenergyharvesting.However,optimizingthesestructuresisrelativelychallengingcomparedtotraditionaloptimizedstructures.Thetopologyoptimizationmethodcanhelpobtainanoptimizedstructurethatmeetsthedesignobjectivewhilesatisfyingthestringentstructuralconstraints. Principalstressisanimportantindicatorofthemechanicalpropertiesofmaterials.Calculatingandanalyzingtheprincipalstresses,wecanfindthekeyareaofthestructuralstress,andthenoptimizethestructurebyredistributingthematerialinthekeyarea.Combiningthiswithlatticestructureoptimization,thebi-directionalgraduallyevolvingstructurecanbeeffectivelyoptimized. ProposedMethod Theproposedmethodfortopologyoptimizationofbi-directionalgraduallyevolvingstructuresmainlyincludesthreeprocedures.Firstly,wetransformtheoriginalstructureintoalatticestructure.Secondly,wecalculatetheprincipalstressofthestructure.Finally,weapplytheregularizediso-d