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低熔点Sn-Bi基无铅焊料研究 Abstract Asthedemandforlead-freesolderincreasedinrecentyears,theresearchonlowmeltingpointSn-Bi-basedsolderhasbecomeanimportanttopic.Inthispaper,wereviewedtheresearchprogressandfindingsoflowmeltingpointSn-Bi-basedsolder.Firstly,thepropertiesandcharacteristicsofSn-Bi-basedsolderwereintroduced,includingmeltingpoint,wettingcharacteristics,mechanicalproperties,andreliability.Secondly,thefabricationmethodsandprocessparametersofSn-Bi-basedsolderwerediscussed,suchasalloycomposition,reflowtemperatureandtime,andsolderpastepreparation.Finally,thechallengesandpossiblesolutionsinthepracticalapplicationofSn-Bi-basedsolderwereanalyzed.Overall,Sn-Bi-basedsolderhasgoodpotentialforlead-freeapplications,andfurtherresearchandoptimizationarestillneededtomeettherequirementsofindustry. Introduction Withtheincreasingawarenessofenvironmentalprotectionandhealthconcerns,lead-freesolderhasgraduallyreplacedtraditionallead-containingsolderinrecentyears.Amongvariouslead-freesoldermaterials,Sn-Bi-basedsolderhasreceivedwidespreadattentionduetoitslowmeltingpoint,lowcost,andgoodwettabilityoncoppersubstrate.Sn-Bi-basedsolderisconsideredapromisingcandidateinlead-freesolderingsinceitoffersalow-stress,lead-freesolderingmaterialtoimprovethereliabilityandqualityofelectronicdevices. PropertiesandCharacteristicsofSn-Bi-basedSolder ThemeltingpointofSn-Bi-basedsolderismuchlowerthanthatoflead-containingsolder,whichisoneofthemostimportantadvantagesforSn-Bi-basedsolder.TheeutecticcompositionofSn-BialloyisSn58Bi42,withameltingpointaround139℃,whichismuchlowerthanthemeltingpointofSn-Pb-basedsolderat183℃.ThelowerprocessingtemperatureofSn-Bi-basedsoldercangreatlyreducethethermalstressgeneratedduringthesolderingprocessandavoidthedamagetothesubstrate.Thisisparticularlyimportantforsolderingdelicatecomponentsorthosewithlowthermalstabilitysuchasplasticsandcomposites. Intermsofwettabilityoncoppersubstrate,Sn-Bi-basedsolderhasbeenfoundtohaveexcellentfluxspreadingcharacteristics.Sn-Bi-basedsoldercanformawell-s