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FourelementsofLiteratureReview 1)anoverviewofthesubject,issueortheoryunderconsideration,alongwiththeobjectivesoftheliteraturereview 2)Divisionofworksunderreviewintocategories(thoseinsupportofaparticularposition,whoseagainst,andthoseofferingalternativethesesentirely) 3)Explanationofhoweachworkissimilartoandhowitvariesfromtheothers 4)Conclusionsastowhichpiecesarebestconsideredintheirargument,aremostconvincingoftheiropinions,andmakethegreatestcontributiontotheunderstandingthedevelopmentoftheirareaofresearch. Trytoidentifythefourelementsinthefollowingliteraturereview. TheChoiceofMediumofInstructioninHKSecondarySchools:ABriefCriticalReview ThedebateoverthemediumofinstructionintheHongKongeducationaldomainhasalonghistory.Thesubjectisacrucialonebecauseitisdirectlylinkedtothequalitativeaspectofeducation.Ithasbeenamajorareaofconcernofmosteducationistsandresearchers. AsearlyasHongKongbecamethecolonyofBritain,therehavebeengovernmentreportsoverthelanguageissue.LiketheBrewinReportin1902,itgaveanundueemphasisonEnglishteachingwithanattempttogainimperialinterests(seeFong,1991).Itisacommonpracticeforacolonialgovernmenttocultivateherlanguagetobesuperior.English,asaninstructionalmedium,wasquiteafirmlanguagepolicyofthegovernmentuntiltheeightieswhenreportsandresearchesfoundthattheeffectivenessofEnglishmediuminteachingwasundesirable.AccordingtoLo(1991),thepresentationofgovernmentpublicationstypicallyLlewellynReportandBumeyReportsuggestedthatthegovernmenttendedtochangeitsattitudefromsupportingtheEnglishmediumatitsearlypositiontoencouragetheuseoftheChinesemediumatalaterperiod,becausethesepublicationsprimarilypinpointedtheineffectivenessofusingEnglishasthemediumofinstructioninsecondaryschools. TherearealsopapersandresearchersexaminingtheplaceofmothertongueandEnglishinthisbilingualsociety.AsstatedbyGibbons(1989),EnglishenjoyedanextraordinaryhighstatusinHongKongwhereover98percentofpeopleareofChineseextraction.Englishisinfluentialbothwithinandoutsidetheterritory.Englishisthemajorlanguageofoffic