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间充质干细胞逆转大鼠衰老的作用的综述报告.docx

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间充质干细胞逆转大鼠衰老的作用的综述报告 Introduction Mesenchymalstemcells(MSCs)aremultipotentcellsthatarecapableofself-renewalanddifferentiationintovariouscelltypes.Thesecellshavebeenreportedtoplayavitalroleintissuerepairandregeneration,makingthemanattractivecandidatefordiseasetreatment.Agingisanaturalprocesscharacterizedbytheprogressivedeclineinphysiologicalfunctionsandasignificantriskfactorforthedevelopmentofvariousage-relateddiseases.TheuseofMSCsforanti-agingpurposesisincreasinglygainingattentioninrecentyears.ThisreportaimstosummarizerecentresearchonthepotentialforMSCstoreverseaginginrats. ReversingAgingwithMSCs Agingischaracterizedbyaseriesofchangesinthephysiologicalfunctionsofanorganism.Thesechangesincludeadecreaseinorganfunction,adeclineinthymicfunction,andadeclineincognitivefunction.SeveralstudieshaveinvestigatedtheuseofMSCsinreversingage-relatedchanges.OnestudyreportedtheeffectofMSCsoncognitivefunctioninagedrats.ThestudyshowedthattransplantationofMSCsresultedinanimprovementincognitivefunction,asevidencedbyenhancedspatiallearningandmemoryperformance(1).AnotherstudyshowedthatMSCstransplantationintothehippocampusofagedratsimprovedtheproliferationofneuralstemcellsandenhancedneurogenesis(2).TheuseofMSCsintissuerepairandregenerationhasalsobeenreported.Forinstance,studieshaveshownthattransplantationofMSCsintotheskinofagedratspromotestheformationofnewbloodvesselsandcollagentissue,whichiscrucialforskinregeneration(3). ThepotentialmechanismsunderlyingtheeffectsofMSCsinreversingaginginratsarestillasubjectofongoingresearch.EvidencesuggeststhatthebeneficialeffectsofMSCsmaybeduetotheirabilitytosecretevariousfactorsthatpromotetissuerepairandregeneration.OnestudyreportedthatMSCssecretesignificantamountsofcytokines,growthfactors,andchemokines,whichhavebeenshowntoenhancetissueregenerationandmodulateimmuneresponses(4).AnotherstudyreportedthatMSCssecreteexosomes,whicharesmallvesiclesthatcontainvariousbioactivemolecules,includingmicroRNAsandgrowthfactors,whichcanmodulatetheimmunesystemandpromoteti