（新概念英语）高中英语 第二册 语法总结 非谓语动词之分词.doc

新概念英语第二册语法总结：非谓语动词之分词

1．分词的性质：
具有形容词性质，可以在句中担任表语、定语、宾补、状语，现在分词表示主动，且动作在进行：过去分词表示被动，或动作已完成。

2．分词的形式：
例：write(vt)rise(vi)
主动语态被动语态主动过去分词
时态
现在时writingbeingwrittenrisingrisen
完成时havingwrittenhavingbeenwrittenhavingrisen

3．用法：

（1）定语分词置于被修饰名词前
分词短语于置于被修饰名词后
asleepingbaby=ababywhoissleeping
arunningdog=adogwhichisrunning
abrokenglass=aglasswhichisbroken
abeatenteam=ateamwhichisbeaten（beaten是被打败的意思）
Thisistheproblemdiscussedatthelastmeeting.
Theproblembeingdiscussedisveryimportant.

（2）表语：
Thebookisinteresting.
Heisinterestedinthebook.
Thenewsisexciting.
Hefeelsexcited.

（3）宾语补足语：
WhenIwokeup,Ifoundmymothersittingbesideme.
I'dliketohavethispackageweighed.
掌握精髓：动词不定式作宾语表示动作的全过程，而现在分词作宾补表示动作正在进行；过去分词表示被动概念。

（4）状语：（以下例句值得一背！）
①Ifyouturntotheleft,you'llfindthestation.
→Turningtotheleft,you'llfindthestation.
②AsIdidn'treceiveherletter,Icalledherupbytelephone.
→Notreceivingherletter,Icalledherupbytelephone.
③WhileIwaswalkingtoschoolyesterdaymorning,Imetafriend.
→Walkingtoschoolyesterdaymorning,Imetafriend.
④Whenshewasaskeditshehadanybadhabit,sheansweredthatshewasaheavysmoker.
→Askedifshehadanybadhabit,sheansweredthatshewasaheavysmoker.

你知道吗？注意：在运用此类句型时主语前后要保持一致。
①Whenschoolwasover,theboyswenthome.
→Beingover,theboyswenthome.×
Schoolbeingover,theboyswenthome.√
②Asmyhomeworkhasbeendone,Ihavenothingelsetodo.
→Myhomeworkhavingbeendone,Ihavenothingelsetodo.
③Ifweatherpermits,I'llstarttomorrow.
→Weatherpermitting,I'llstarttomorrow.

4．分词的时态：
现在分词一般时表示此动作与主句谓语动词同时发生。
现在分词完成时表示此动作在主句谓语动词之前发生。
Enteringtheroom,hesawhe.（几乎同时）
Nothavingtriedhisbest,hefailedintheexam.（分词动作在前）

5．语态：现在分词一般时被动表动作正在被进行，完成时被动强调分词所表示的动作先被完成。
Theshipsbeingloadedandunloadedbelongtous.
Havingbeenwarnedoftyphoon,thefishermensailedforthenearestharbor.（渔民先被告知而后驶向港口）

测试精编

1.The________newsmadethem________.
A.excite/excitingB.exciting/excited
C.exciting/tobeexcitedD.excited/excited

2.________ananswerfromthecommittee,hewasworried.
A.HavingnotgotB.Gettingnot
C.NothavinggotD.Havingnotbeengot

3.________,allthequ