（新概念英语）高中英语 第二册 语法总结 非谓语动词之分词.doc

新概念英语第二册语法总结：非谓语动词之分词1．分词的性质：具有形容词性质可以在句中担任表语、定语、宾补、状语现在分词表示主动且动作在进行：过去分词表示被动或动作已完成。2．分词的形式：例：write(vt)rise(vi)主动语态被动语态主动过去分词时态现在时writingbeingwrittenrisingrisen完成时havingwrittenhavingbeenwrittenhavingrisen3．用法：（1）定语分词置于被修饰名词前分词短语于置于被修饰名词后asleepingbaby=ababywhoissleepingarunningdog=adogwhichisrunningabrokenglass=aglasswhichisbrokenabeatenteam=ateamwhichisbeaten（beaten是被打败的意思）Thisistheproblemdiscussedatthelastmeeting.Theproblembeingdiscussedisveryimportant.（2）表语：Thebookisinteresting.Heisinterestedinthebook.Thenewsisexciting.Hefeelsexcited.（3）宾语补足语：WhenIwokeupIfoundmymothersittingbesideme.I'dliketohavethispackageweighed.掌握精髓：动词不定式作宾语表示动作的全过程而现在分词作宾补表示动作正在进行；过去分词表示被动概念。（4）状语：（以下例句值得一背！）①Ifyouturntotheleftyou'llfindthestation.→Turningtotheleftyou'llfindthestation.②AsIdidn'treceiveherletterIcalledherupbytelephone.→NotreceivingherletterIcalledherupbytelephone.③WhileIwaswalkingtoschoolyesterdaymorningImetafriend.→WalkingtoschoolyesterdaymorningImetafriend.④Whenshewasaskeditshehadanybadhabitsheansweredthatshewasaheavysmoker.→Askedifshehadanybadhabitsheansweredthatshewasaheavysmoker.你知道吗？注意：在运用此类句型时主语前后要保持一致。①Whenschoolwasovertheboyswenthome.→Beingovertheboyswenthome.×Schoolbeingovertheboyswenthome.√②AsmyhomeworkhasbeendoneIhavenothingelsetodo.→MyhomeworkhavingbeendoneIhavenothingelsetodo.③IfweatherpermitsI'llstarttomorrow.→WeatherpermittingI'llstarttomorrow.4．分词的时态：现在分词一般时表示此动作与主句谓语动词同时发生。现在分词完成时表示此动作在主句谓语动词之前发生。Enteringtheroomhesawhe.（几乎同时）Nothavingtriedhisbes