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第二章古诗词曲鉴赏及英译理论探索引言 从诗的意境上分析 托具体形象,言情寓意 揣摩他人,表达自己 借题发挥,指东道西 从诗的修辞格上分析 借代 比喻 引用典故 引言所谓含蓄美就是作者的思想感情不是直接流露出来,而是用凝练的语言点染出气韵生动地种种画面,纳万顷之汪洋,收四时之烂漫,给读者的感官以自由飞翔的天地。这正所谓“片语明百意,坐驰役万景”,也就是刘勰说的“隐秀”之美。 以刘禹锡的《石头城》为例: 山围故国周遭在,潮打空城寂寞回。 淮水东边旧时月,夜深不过女墙来。托具体形象,言情寓意译文如下: Passionsodeepappearsasnone, Beforethesefarewellcups,unableeventosmile. Thecandletootakespityonourparting, Sheddingtearsuntilthecomingofthedawn. (引自张廷琛等,唐诗一百首,中国对外翻译出版公司,1997。)陆游的《卜算子·咏梅》:后四句译为: Letotherflowersbeenvious! Shecravesnotspringforherselfalone. Herpetalsmaybegroundinthemud, Butherfragrancewillendure. (文殊,诗词英译选,外语教学与研究出版社,1989.)2.变通(增译和改译)译文如下: Akettlehadbeansinside, Andstalksofthebeansmadeafire; Whenthebeanstothebrother-stalkscried, “Wesprangfromoneroot,whysuchire?” (文殊,诗词英译选,外语教学与研究出版社,1989.)李煜的《浪淘沙》:前五句的译文如下: Outsidethecurtainstheraingoessplash,splash; Spring’smoodlanguishes; Mysilkencoverletsufficesnotforthechillofdawn. InmydreamIknewnotIwasinexile, AndforonemomentIindulgedinpleasure. (文殊,诗词英译选,外语教学与研究出版社,1989.)揣摩他人,表达自己译文如下: You!OftenseenatPrinceQi’sPalace, HeardinCui-Jiu’sChamber, Howisit,whenflowersfall, Wemeetagain, Amidtheselovelysouthernscenes? 借题发挥,指东道西译文: Thatgoldenoriole,dochaseheraway. Withherwarblinginthetree,mydreamswouldberuined; I’dnevergettothefarfrontier. (王守义,唐宋诗词英译)2.变通译文如下: Thepaintedscreenischilledinsilvercandlelight, Sheusessilkfantocatchpassingfireflies. Thestepsseemsteepedinwaterwhencoldgrowsthenight, Shelieswatchingheart-brokenstarsshedtearsintheskies. (许渊冲,唐诗三百首新译,1997)从诗的修辞格上分析后五句的译文为: Iaskedthemaidwho’srollingupthescreen. “Thesamecrab-appletree,”shesays,“isseen.” “Butdon’tyouknow, Oh,don’tyouknow, Theredshouldlanguishandthegreenmustgrow.” (许渊冲,宋词三百首,1992)2.译出本体 请看元稹的《行宫》: 寥落古行宫,宫花寂寞红。 白头宫女在,闲坐说玄宗。 译文如下: DesertednowtheImperialbowers, Savebysomefewpoorlonelyflowers... Onewhite-haireddame, AnEmperor’sflame, Sitsdownandtellsofbygonehours. (吕叔湘,英译唐人绝句白首,1980) 3.译出喻体和本体 以张九龄的《赋得自君之出矣》: 自君之出矣,不复理残机; 思君如满月,夜夜减清辉。 译文如下: Sinceyou,sir,wentaway, Ihavenotreturnedtotendmyfadingloom, Fo