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美国黑人英语.doc

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TheDerivationofAfro-American ThehistoryofAfro-Americancanbetracedbacktothe16thcenturywhenAmericawasstillacolonyofEuropean.From16-19thcentury,theEuropeancapturedmanyblackslavesfromwestAfrica,CongoandAngolaandselledthemtoAmerican.MostofthoseslaveswerebrougghttotheUnitedStatesandforcedtoworkincottonfields,sugercanefieldsandminesinthesouthernoftheU.S.A.Atthesametime,theysufferedfrombrutalexploitionandabusebythewhiteracist.Withthedevelopmentofindustry,manyblacksmovedtothenorthandnorthweststatesfromsouth.AftertheCivilWarwhichhappenedin1861-1865,slaverywasannulledlegally,buttheNegrowerestillsufferingunderracialdiscriminationandoppressionfromracist.Theblackscouldn’tbetreatedequallyaswhiteinmanyaspects,suchasinpolitics,education,employment,etc.Accordingasurveymadein1970,intheUnitedStates,twentypercentofthefamiliesunderpovertylinewerewhitewhileeightypercentofthemwereNegro.Unemploymentinblackwasfourtimesevensixorseventimeshigherthanthatinwhite,andthesalaryofblackworkerswasonlyhalfevenonethirdofthatofwhiteworkers.TheblackwereinthebottominAmericansocietyandtheywereconstantlybethreatenedbyunemployment,poverty,diseasesanddeath.Sotheyhavebeeninthefightwithracialdiscriminationandoppressionformorerightsformanyyears,andtheiractionaresupporedbytheprogressivesintheworld. 1.2.DefinitionofBlackEnglish BecausemanyblackslaveswerefromdifferentrigionsofAfricaandtheyspokedifferentlanguages,inordertocomminicatewitheachotherandwiththeslaveownertheyhadtofindacommonlanguage.Buttheycouldn’tlearnrightpronunicationandgrammerrulesofEngkishwithoutnormaleducationandtheEnglishtheyusedalsobeinfluencedbytheirowndialect.SosometimesBlackEnglishisalsocalledPidgin. IntheUnitedStates,thetermBlackEnglishusuallyreferstotheeverydayspokenvarietiesofEnglishusedbyAfricanAmericans,especiallyoftheworkingclassinurbanneighborhoodsorruralcommunities.LinguistsgenerallypreferthetermAfricanAmericanVernacularEnglish,althoughsomeusethetermEbonics,whichwaswidespreadusedinthelate1990s.ItisanerrortosupposethatBlackEngl