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含Er的Al-Mg合金焊丝制备及其组织和机械性能的综述报告 摘要: 本文讨论了含Er的Al-Mg合金焊丝的制备方法、组织和机械性能的研究现状。Er的加入可以明显改善焊接接头的性能。文章探讨了Er含量、热处理和焊接条件对焊丝组织和性能的影响,重点讨论了焊接接头的力学性能、微观组织和断口形貌。本文还总结了该领域的研究进展和未来发展方向。 关键词: 含Er的Al-Mg合金焊丝;制备方法;组织和机械性能;热处理;焊接条件;力学性能;微观组织;断口形貌 Introduction Aluminumanditsalloysarewidelyusedinvariousfieldsduetotheirgoodmechanicalproperties,lowdensityandhighcorrosionresistance.Al-Mgalloyisoneoftherepresentativealuminumalloys.However,theweldingofAl-Mgalloysisdifficultbecauseoftheirlowmeltingpoint,lowthermalconductivity,highthermalexpansioncoefficientandeasyoxidation.Furthermore,theMg-richprecipitatesintheAl-Mgalloyweldscanleadtocrackingandreducedmechanicalproperties.Therefore,itisnecessarytodevelopnewweldingmaterialsandtechniquestoimprovetheweldingperformanceofAl-Mgalloys. Oneeffectivesolutionistoaddrareearth(RE)elementsintotheAl-Mgalloyweldingmaterial.AmongtheREelements,EristhemostcommonlyusedforimprovingtheweldingperformanceofAl-Mgalloys.ErhasahighaffinityforMg,soitcanformMg-richinclusionsintheweldingpool,whichcaneffectivelyrefinetheweldingmicrostructureandimprovethestrengthandductilityofthewelds.Inaddition,ErcanalsoinhibittheformationofcoarseMg-richprecipitatesintheweldingwelds,whichcaneffectivelyimprovetheweldingperformanceofAl-Mgalloys.Inthispaper,thepreparation,microstructureandmechanicalpropertiesofEr-containingAl-Mgalloyweldingwiresarereviewed. PreparationofEr-containingAl-Mgalloyweldingwires ThepreparationmethodofEr-containingAl-Mgalloyweldingwiresmainlyincludesgravitycastingmethod,suctioncastingmethod,electromagneticstirringcastingmethod,andpowdermetallurgymethod. Inthegravitycastingmethod,theAl-MgalloyandEraremeltedanduniformlymixedinacastironcrucible.Then,thealloyiscooledtosolidify,andthecastingisformedintoawirebycolddrawingorhotrolling.Thesuctioncastingmethodissimilartothegravitycastingmethod,butavacuumisusedtoreduceoxygenandhydrogenintheweldingwire,whichcanfurtherimprovethequalityoftheweldingwire.Intheelectromagneticstirringcastingmethod,thealloymeltisstirredbyanelectromagnet