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生物工程专业英语学习PPT教案.pptx

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antibiotic【æntɪbaɪ'ɔtɪk】抗生素 vaccine【væk'si:n】疫苗 Biotechnologyincludesfermentationprocesses(rangingfrombeersandwinestobread,cheese,antibioticsandvaccines),waterandwastetreatment,partsoffoodtechnology,andanincreasingrangeofnovelapplicationsrangingfrombiomedicaltometalrecoveryfromlowgradeores.versatility【‘vɜ:sə’tɪlɪtɪ】多用途的,多功能的 organic【ɔ:‘ɡænik】有机的，有机物的Becauseofitsversatility,biotechnologywillexertamajorimpactinmanyindustrialprocessesandintheoryalmostallorganicmaterialscouldbeproductedbybiotechnologicalmethods.Predictionsoffutureworldwidemarketpotentialforbiotechnologicalproductsintheyear2000havebeenestimatedatnearlyUS$65bn.synthesize【'sɪnθɪ,saɪz】人工合成，使合成 molecule【‘mɔlikju:l】分子 interferon【'intə(:)'fiərɔn】干扰素However,itmustalsobeappreciatedthatmanyimportantnewbio-productswillstillbesynthesizedchemicallyfrommodelsderivedfromexistingbiologicalmolecules,e.g.,newdrugsbasedontheinterferons.Thustheinterfacebetweenbioscienceandchemistryanditsrelationshiptobiotechnologymustbebroadlyinterpreted.Ahighproductionofthetechniquesusedinbiotechnologytendtobemoreeconomic,lessenergydemandingandsaferthancurrenttraditionalindustrialprocessesandformostprocessestheresiduesarebiodegradableandnon-toxic.Inthelongtermbiotechnologyoffersameansofsolvingsomemajorworldproblems,inparticularthoserelatedtomedicine,foodproduction,pollutioncontrolandthedevelopmentofnewenergysources.Contrarytopopularbeliefbiotechnologyisnotanewpursuitbutinrealitydatesfarbackintohistory.Inpractice,fourmajordevelopmentalphasescanbeidentifiedinarrivingatmodernbiotechnologicalsystems.Activitiessuchasbaking,brewingandwinemakingareknowntodatebackseveralmillennia;theancientSumariansandBabyloniansweredrinkingbeerby6000B.C.,theEgyptianswerebakingleavenedbreadby4000B.C.whilewinewasknownintheNearEastbythetimeofthebookofGenesis.Therecognitionthattheseprocesseswerebeingaffectedbylivingorganisms,yeasts,wasnotformulateduntilthe17thcentury,byAntonvanLeeuwenhoek.Definitiveproofofthefermentationabilitiesoftheseminuteorganismscamefromthesemi