考研精要语法点集锦1.ppt

考点一：原级比较一般用as…as；notso…as；thesame…as；
特殊结构AistoBwhat/asXistoY；A+倍数或几分之几as+adj./adv.+as+B.
Theworkisnotasdifficultasyouthink.
Airistousaswateristofish.我们与空气的关系就像鱼和水的关系。
Thisbookistwiceasthickasthatone.非谓语动词是指分词（包括现在分词和过去分词）、不定式、动名词等三种形式，即：doing,done,todo,doing。
现在分词doing:有beingdone（被动式）;havingdone（完成式）;havingbeendone（完成被动式）不定式todo:有tobedone（被动式）;tohavedone（完成式）;tobedoing（进行式）动名词doing:有havingdone（完成式）;beingdone（被动式）;非谓语动词的特点一、动词不定式掌握动词不定式应注意的几个问题4．后接不定式作宾语的动词有：want,hope,wish,like,begin,try,need,forget,agree,know,promise,teach,refuse,help,arrange,dare,decide,determine,fail,manage,offer,prepare,continue,ask,mean,choose,expectetc需要宾语补足语的动词不能用动词不定式直接做介词的宾语，而要用it做形式宾语。例如：通常不说Wethinktoobeythelawsisimportant.而说Wethinkitimportanttoobeythelaws.5．不定式的省略。下列短语中，如果意义明确，常常省略到to。wantto,wishto,hopeto,liketo,hateto,planto,tryto,loveto,haveto,oughtto,needto,usedto,beableto7．不定式作状语，可以有以下几种意义：1）原因Heisluckytogethereontime.这种结构中常用的形容词有：happy,glad,delighted,pleased,sorry,eager,anxious.lucky,fortunate,proud,angrysurprised,frightened,disappointed,ready,clever,foolish,worthy2)目的Hecametohelpmewithmymaths.3)结果
Ihurriedtogetthereonlytofindhimout.Thebookistoohardfortheboytoread.Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.二．动名词注意以下几个问题：1．下列动词后跟不定式与跟动名词作宾语意义有区别，forgettodo…忘记要做某事forgetdoing…忘记做了某事remembertodo…记住要做某事rememberdoing…记着做了某事meantodo…有意要做某事meandoing…意味着做了某事regrettodo…对要做的事表示后悔regretdoing…对做过去的事后悔can’thelptodo…不能帮助做某事can’thelpdoing…情不自禁做某事trytodo…尽力去做某事trydoing试着做某事learntodo…学着去做某事learndoing…学会做某事stoptodo…停下来去做（另一件事）stopdoing…停止做某事goontodo…接着做（另外一件事）goondoing…继续做某事usedtodo…过去做某事
beusedtodoing…习惯做某事2．动名词作定语与现在分词作定语意义有区别动名词作定语表达n+fordoing的含义-现在分词作定语表达n+which(who)bedoing的含义如：asleepingcar=acarforsleepingarunninghorse=ahorsewhichisrunning前者是动名词，后者是现在分词又如：drinkingwater,walkingstick,runningwater,sleepingboy3．动名词的逻辑主语：动名词的逻辑主语为代词或名词的所有格形式。例如：Hiscomingmadeusveryhappy.4．动名词的语态和时态5．动名词主动形式表被动的情况：needdoing,wantdoing,requiredoing例如：Thisroomneedspainting.这个房间需要粉刷。6．只能跟动名词作宾语的动词：admit,avoid,advise,consider,delay,deny,enjoy,