考研英语语法精要(你的语法过关吗).pdf

考研英语语法精要

不要忽略语法在考研中的作用，以下语法精要对阅读，翻译，
写作都有非常大的帮助

Ⅰ动词(时态,语态,用法,省略,一致性等)

1.时态

1)现在完成进行时态(have/hasbeen+-ing分词构成):动作或状态从过去某时开始,继

续到现在,可能继续下去,也可能刚刚结束.

I’vebeenwritinglettersforanhour.

I’vebeensittinginthegarden.

2)过去完成进行时(由hadbeen+ing分词构成):过去某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作

I’dbeenworkingforsometimewhenhecalled.

Wehadbeenwaitingforherfortwohoursbythetimeshecame.

3)将来完成进行时:将来某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作.

Bynextsummer,hewillhavebeenworkingherefortwentyyears.

Inanothermonth’stimeshe’llhavebeenstudyinghereforthreeyears.

4)将来完成时(由shall/willhave+过去分词构成):将来某时会业已发生的事.

Ishallhavefinishedthisonebeforelunch.

They’llhavehittheyear’stargetbytheendofOctober.

2.语态

1)可以有两种被动结构的类型,例如:

Hewassaidtobejealousofhersuccess.

Itwassaidthathewasjealousofhersuccess.

能同时适用于上述两个句型的主动词通常都是表示“估计”,“相信”等意义的动词,常见的有

assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,understand等.

Itissupposedthattheshiphasbeensunk.

Theshipissupposedtohavebeensunk.

担当besupposedto与不定式的一般形式搭配时往往表示不同的意义.例如:

Whyareyoudrivingsofastinthisarea?Youaresupposedtoknowthespeedto

knowthespeedlimit.(你应该晓得速度限制)

2)双宾语及宾补结构的被动语态

a)双宾语结构的被动语态:双宾语结构变为被动语态时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语

变为主语,另一个宾语仍然保留在谓语后面,但多数是把间接宾语变为主语.

Hewasaskedanumberofquestionsatthepressconference.

Twodayswereallowedthemformakingthenecessarypreparations.

b)宾补结构的被动语态:

ShewascalledBigSisterbyeverybody.

Thenhewasmadeasquadleader.

Hewasconsideredquitequalifiedforthejob.

Theroomwasalwayskeptcleanandtidy.

3.短语动词

1)Vi+advTheplanetookofftwohourslate.

2)Vi+prepTheylookedroundtheCathedral.

3)Vi+prep(有被动语态)

She’slookingafterhersister’schildren.

Thechildrenwerealwayswelllookedafter.

4)Vi+adv+prep：Ibegantolookforwardtotheirvisits.

5)Vt+O+adv

Somewomenchoosetostayathomeandbringuptheirchildren.

Thechildrenwerebroughtupbytheirmother.

Theytookhimon.

6)Vt+adv+O(无被动语态)Iamtryingtogiveupsmoking.

7)Vt+O+prepWetalkedDonaldintoagreement.

4.省略

1)在以as,than,when,if,unless等引导的从句中的省略:在有些状语从句中,如果谓语

包含有动词be,主语又和主句的主语一致a),或者主语是itb),就常常可以把从句中的主语

和谓语的一部分(特别是动词be)省略掉.

a)Lookou