新编跨文化交际期末复习资料精选.doc

新编跨文化交际期末复习资料精选（完整版）资料
(可以直接使用，可编辑优秀版资料，欢迎下载）

1.Iceberg:{Edward.7.Hall.--<Thesilenceoflanguage>标志着“跨文化交流”学科的开始}Culturecanbeviewedasaniceberg.Nine-tenthsofanicebergisoutofsight(belowthewaterline).Likewise,nine-tenthsofcultureisoutsideofconsciousawareness.Thepartoftheculturalicebergthatabovethewateriseasytobenoticed.Theout-of-awarenesspartissometimescalled“deepculture”.Thispartoftheculturalicebergishiddenbelowthewaterandisthusbelowthelevelofconsciousness.Peoplelearnthispartofculturethroughimitatingmodels./Abovethewater:whattoeat,howtodress,howtokeephealthy；Belowthewater:belief,values,worldviewandlifeview,moralemotion,attitudepersonalty
2.Stereotype:定型主义astereotypeisafixednotionaboutpersonsinacertaincategory,withnodistinctionsmadeamongindividuals.Inotherwords,itisanovergeneralizedandoversimplifiedbeliefweusetocategorizeagroupofpeople.
3.Ethnocentrism:民族中心主义Ethnocentrismisthetechnicalnamefortheviewofthingsinwhichone’sowngroupisthecenterofeverything,andallothersarescaledandratedwithreferencetoit.Itreferstoourtendencytoidentifywithourin-groupandtoevaluateout-groupsandtheirmembersaccordingtoitsstandard.
4.Culture:Culturecanbedefinedasthecoherent,learned,sharedviewofgroupofpeopleaboutlife’sconcernsthatrankswhatisimportant,furnishesattitudesaboutwhatthingsareappropriate,anddictatesbehavior.
5.Culturalvalues:Valuesinformamemberofacultureaboutwhatisgoodandbad,rightandwrong,trueandfalse,positiveandnegative,andthelike.Culturalvaluesdefineswhatisworthdyingfor,whatisworthprotecting,whatfrightenspeople,whatarepropersubjectsforstudyandforridicule,andwhattypesofeventsleadindividualstogroupsolidarity.
6.Worldview:Aworldviewisaculture’sorientationtowardsuchthingsasGod,nature,life,death,theuniverse,andotherphilosophicalissuesthatareconcernedwiththemeaningoflifeandwith“being”.
7.SocialOrganizations:Themannerinwhichacultureorganizesitselfisdirectlyrelatedtotheinstitutionwithinthatculture.Thefamilieswhoraiseyouandthegovermentswithwhichyouassociateandholdallegiancetoallhelpdeterminehoeyoup