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西方思想论文.doc

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西方思想经典课程论文2012年6月15日 InterpretationofSmithandMarx’sTheoryontheDivisionofLabor 邹翼091100056大三英语系B班 Abstract:AdamSmithandKarlMarxsharethesameopinionintheargumentofthemainincentivetoeconomicgrowthbybelievingthattheanswershouldbethedivisionoflabor.However,thetheoriesofAdamSmithandKarlMarxcontradictwitheachotherinsomeissues,whichincludethecauseandthedivisionoflaborandtheroleitplaysineconomics.Smithbelievesthatthedivisionoflaboriscausedbythecommutationofcommoditiesandisbeneficialtoallmembersofthesociety.Contrastingly,Marxarguesthatthedivisionoflaboristheprerequisiteforcommutationofcommodities,andthedivisionoflaborwilldamagetheinterestofworkmen. KeyWords:AdamSmith;KarlMarx;thedivisionoflabor;laborproductivity Themajorspurtoeconomicgrowthisaproblemwhichgenerationsofeconomistshaveendeavoredtoexplore.AdamSmithandKarlMarxbelievethatthemainincentivetoeconomicgrowthliesinthedivisionoflabor.Boththetwogreateconomistshavetakenalotofstudiesonthedivisionoflabor.However,thoughbothSmithandMarxagreeonthepositiveeffectoflabordivisiononlaborproductivity,therearemanycontradictingpartsbetweentheirseparatetheoriesinrespecttotheroleandthecauseofthedivisionoflabor. Smithkeepstheopinionthatthedivisionoflaborplaysacriticalandpositiveroleintheeconomicfieldandbringsuniversalopulencetoallranksofthepeople.Itisthemajorsourceofproductivityimprovementsandtheessentialforcetopromotetheeconomicgrowth.Smith’stheoryaboutthedivisionoflabor,onwhichalmostallhisstudiesoneconomicsarebased,ispresentedinthefirstthreechaptershismasterpiece,AnInquiryintotheNatureandCausesoftheWealthofNations.Inthefirstsentenceofthefirstchapter,Adamsmithsays,“Thegreatestimprovementintheproductivepowersoflabor,andthegreaterpartoftheskill,dexterity,andjudgmentwithwhichitisanywheredirected,orapplied,seemtohavebeentheeffectsofthedivisionoflabor.”(Adam,2001:5) Tosupportthatidea,heprovidesafamousexampleinthefirstchapterofBookOne,thecaseofneedlemanufacturing.AnInquiryintotheNatureandCausesoftheWealthofNations,(AdamSmith,2001:5):Ihaveseena