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ChemicalBondingII: MolecularGeometryand HybridizationofAtomicOrbitals Chapter10 LinearTrigonalTetrahedralTrigonalOctahedral 180oplanar109.5oBipyramidal90o 120o120and90o linearLinear (AB2) Trigonalplanar (AB3) Trigonalplanar Bent (AB2E) TetrahedralPyramidal (AB4)(AB3E) Tetrahedral Bent (AB2E2) TrigonalUnsymmetrical BipyramidalTetrahedron (AB5)(AB4E) TrigonalBipyramidal T-shapedLinear (AB3E2)(AB2E3) Square Octahedralpyramidal (AB) 6(AB5E) OctahedralSquareplanar (AB4E2) LonePairsDistortBondAngles > bonding-pairvs.bondinglone-pairvs.bonding>lone-pairvs.lonepair pairrepulsionpairrepulsionrepulsion 1.DeterminetheLewisstructure 2.Determinethenumberofelectronpairs(or clouds)aroundtheCENTRALATOM– multiplebondscountasONECLOUD(see nextslide). 3.FindouttheappropriateVSEPRgeometry forthespecifiednumberofelectronpairs, bothbondingandlonepairs. 4.Usethepositionsofatomstoestablish theresultingmoleculargeometry. MultipleBondsandMolecularGeometry Multiplebondscountasone- e.g.4bondingpairsaround C,buttrigonalplanar insteadoftetrahedral. LINEAR-AB2e.g.BeCl2 TRIGONALPLANAR-BF3(AB3) -SO2(AB2E) TETRAHEDRAL-CH4(AB4) -NH3(AB3E) -H2O(AB2E2) TRIGONALBIPYRAMIDAL-PCl5(AB5) -SF4(AB4E) -ClF3(AB3E2) - -I3(AB2E3) OCTAHEDRAL-SF6(AB6) -BrF5(AB5E) -XeF4(AB4E2) Example10.1UsetheVSEPRmodeltopredictthegeometryof - thefollowingmoleculesandions:(a)AsH3,(b)OF2,(c)AlCl4, - (d)I3,(e)C2H4 MolecularGeometriesofMolecules withmorethan1CentralAtom cysteine DipoleMomentsandPolarMolecules electronrich electronpoor region region HF GG 10.2 CCl4vsCHCl3 ClH ClCClClCCl ClCl Whichmoleculeispolar?Youmustlook atthegeometrytodecide. Cl2CO NH3 H2O Thesetypesofmolecules,whereC=centralatomand T=terminalatomsofthesametype,areneverpolar. ValenceBondTheory(hybridorbitals) TheOrbitalOverlapModelofBonding H-HH-F Endtoendoverlap=sigma(V)bond PredictedBondingandVSEPRGeometryforCH4 109.5o LewisStructureElectronpairs aroundC Problem:theavailablesandp-orbitals