定语从句专项讲解与练习.doc

定语从句专项讲解
定语从句在句中修饰某个名词或代词，被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句需用下列关联词：关系代词和关系副词。它们起连词作用，本身做从句的主语、宾语、表语或定语，本身在从句中作时间、地点或原因状语。主要有who,whom,that,whose,which,as,when,where,why。PS:what不能引导定语从句.指人的关系代词有who、whose、whom、that.指物的关系代词有which、whose(=ofwhich)、that.
Theoldmanwho/whom/thatwevisitedyesterdayisafamousartist.
MissWangistakingcareofthechildwhoseparentshavegonetoBeijing.
Themanwithwhommyfathershookhandsjustnowisourheadmaster.（=Themanwho/whom/thatmyfathershookhandswithjustnowisourheadmaster.）
Ilikethebookswhich/thatwerewrittenbyLuXun.
Thedesks(which/that)wemadelastyearwereverygood.
Thisisthehouseinwhichwelivedlastyear.(=Thisisthehousewhich/thatwelivedinlastyear.)
Iliveintheroomwhosewindowsfacesouth.(=Iliveintheroom,thewindowsofwhichfacesouth.)
掌握以上关系代词、关系副词的含义及使用时，要特别注意以下几点：
1）指人时宜用who的情况：
a.当先行词是one,ones,anyone或those,these时，关系代词用who。
ThecomradeIwanttolearnfromistheonewhostudieshardandworkshard.
Anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.
Anyonewhogoestherewillbepunished.
ThesewhoaregoingtoBeijingarethebeststudentsofourschool.
b.在therebe开头的句子中。
There’sabeautifulgirlwhocametoseeyouthismorning.
Thereisastudentwhowantstoseeyou.
c.先行词后有一个较长的定语。
ImetaforeignerinthecitylastweekwhocouldspeakChinesewell.
d.一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that，另一个宜用who，以免重复。
Thestudentthatwonthefirstprizeisthemonitorwhoworkshards.
e.在非限定性定语从句中。
Shehasabrother,whoworkedatthatfactorytenyearsago.
2)指物时宜用that的情况：
a.当先行词为all,none,much,little,few,something,anything,everything,nothing等不定代词时。
Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.
b.当先行词既指人又指物时。
Hespokeofthemenandthething(that)hehadseenabroad.
c.当先行词是疑问词who,what,which时或者句子以疑问词who,what,which打头时。
Whothathassuchahomedoesn’tloveit?
d.先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或者当先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。
ThisisoneofthebestfilmsthatIhaveeverseen.
Thisisthebestthatcanbedonenow.
e.当先行词被thevery,theonly,thelast,thesame,just,oneof,any,every,few,little,no,all,oneof等修饰时。
ThisisoneoftheverybookthatIamlookingfor.
f.关系代词在从句中作表语。
Maryisnolongerthegirlthatsheusedtobe.
3)只能用which不能用that的情况。
a.引导非限定性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子。
Brucewentto