直接引语变间接引语(宾语从句)讲解与练习(附答案).doc

直接引语变间接引语（宾语从句）讲解与练习
讲解：
在复合句中，作宾语的句子（主谓结构）就叫宾语从句。直接引语变间接引语多数情况下构成宾语从句。变化时应注意以下几点：
引导词（连词）
如果直接引语是陈述句，变成间接引语，引导词用that,that没有实际意义，口语或非正式文体中常省略e.gHesaid,“Mymotherisadoctor.”→Hesaid(that)hismotherwasadoctor.
如果直接引语是一般疑问句，变成间接引语，引导词就用if。不能省略e.g“AreyouEnglish?”Heaskedme→HeaskedmeifIwasEnglish.
如果直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语，引导词就用特殊疑问句的疑问词，如：whatwhenwherewhichwhohow等，这些词有意义，不能省略：eg“Howoldareyou?”Heaskedme→HeaskedmehowoldIwas.
间接引语的宾语从句中，引导词之后都必须使用陈述语序，即“引导词+主语+谓语…），肯定式的宾语从句不用助动词do(did或does)e.g.
Sheasked,“Whatdoeshewant?”→Sheaskedwhathewanted.
Heaskedme,“DoyoulikeEnglish?”→HeaskedmeifIlikedEnglish.
时态的变化：
如果主句中的谓语动词用一般过去时,则间接引语中宾语从句须用过去的某种时态。基本原则是：往过去的方向推一个时态，即一般现在时变成一般过去时，现在进行时变成过去进行时，一般将来时变成过去将来时eg:
①Heaskedme,“Doyouhaveadictionary?”→HeaskedmeifIhadadictionary.
②Sheasked,“WhatisTomdoing?→SheaskedwhatTomwasdoing.
③Shesaid,“Iwillleaveamessageonhisdesk.”→Shesaidthatshewouldleaveamessageonhisdesk.
如果宾语从句表达的是客观真理，自然现象。则无论主句用什么时态，间接引语中的宾语从句一律使用现在时。eg:①Theteachersaidtous,“Theearthgoesroundthesun.”→Theteachertoldusthattheearthgoesroundthesun②Hesaid,“Lighttravelsfasterthansound.”→Hesaidthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.
四．人称的变化与汉语中的情况大体相同，指示代词，时间状语和动词的变化见课本的表格。
五．练习：Ⅰ选择填空。
()1.Hesaidthathe________speakalittleEnglishwhenhewasfive.
Aisableto Bable Ccould Dcan
()2.Pleasetellmewhere_______haveourpicnictomorrow。
AwewillBwillweCyouareDwillyou
()3.Didyouhear________clearly?
AwhathesaidBwhathesaysCwhatdidhesayDhowdidhesaid
()4.Hewantedtoknowwhy_______uplate.
AdidshegetBshegotCdoesshegetDshegets
()5.Couldyoutellme________fromyourhousetothefactory?
AhowfaritisBitishowfarChowfaritwasDhowfarisit
()6.Couldyoutellmeifit_________tomorrow?
ArainBwillrainCrainingDrains
()7.Tomaskedme________English.
AifIlikesBifIlikedCthatIlikeDthatIliked
()8.Ourteachertoldustheearth________aroundthesun.
AgoesBgoCwentDgoing
()9.Doyourememberwhat________________whenIcamein?
ATomisdoingBTomwasdoingCisTomdoingDwasTomdoing
()10.Heaskedhowmanypictures_______。
AdidtheydrawBdotheydrawCtheywilldrawDtheywoulddraw
()