非谓语动词讲解及练习.doc

非谓语动词讲解及练习：分词（Theparticiple）
分词有现在分词（thePresentParticiple）和过去分词（thePastParticiple），在句中充当定语、表语、补语和状语。一、分词的形式1.现在分词现在分词Vt.(write)Vi.(go)主动语态被动语态主动语态一般式完成式Eg.)Hehurriedhome,______(look)behindattimes._______(tell)manytimes,thenaughtyboymadethesamemistake._______(notget)wellprepared,theydecidedtoputoffthemeeting.________(neveroperate)acomputer,hemetwithalotofdifficulties.2.过去分词---一般表示完成的和被动的动作,只有一种形式,即:动词的过去分词3.否定形式---not+分词二、分词的句法功能:1.作表语：现在分词作表语:一般表示主动或主语的性质和特征,“令人……”的意思,主语多数情况是sth.过去分词作表语:一般表示被动或说明主语情感心理上的感受,“感到……的”,主语多数情况是sb.exciting,excitedannoying,annoyedamazing,amazedamusing,amusedastonishing,astonishedboring,boredconfusing,confuseddisappointing,disappointedencouraging,encouragedembarrassing,embarrassedfrightening,frightened;inspiring,inspiredeg.)1.Theresultwas_______(surprising,surprised)Theywere_______(surprising,surprised)atthenews.2.作定语：(单词前置,分词短语后置；修饰代词时后置)A.现在分词表示正在进行的动作;过去分词表示已经完成的动作。boilingwater,boiledwater;developingcountry,developedcountry;fallingleaves,fallenleavesrisingsun,risensun,etc.B.表示情感心理的Vt的分词可修饰名词,作前置定语。Eg.)Hetoldusthe________(exciting,excited)news.The_______(exciting,excited)pupilsjumpedwithjoy.注意:过分除修饰sb.以外,还可修饰表示神态、声音等的名词,说明主语的心理状态。Eg.)Hehada_________(terrifying,terrified)lookinhiseyes.Theboyansweredina________(frightening,frightened)voice.C.作定语时的位置单个分词前置,分词短语后置,修饰代词时后置---单个分词作定语时，一般放在它所修饰的名词前;分词短语作定语时，一般放在它所修饰的名词后;分词在修饰由some/any/no+thing/body/one所形成的不定代词或those之后①单个分词前置aneighboringtownanunexpectedguesttheexcitingnews例外:Theseplasticbottlesusedcanberecycled.(有时单个的分词放在分词后面,用于强调动作)Doyouknowthenumberofbooksordered?②分词短语后置eg.)Idon’tknowthedoctor_____(seat)attheback.Thegoods______(import)fromabroadyesterdayremainingoodcondition.③分词修饰由some/any/no+thing/body/one所形成的不定代词或those时,分词在这些词之后eg.)Thoselaughingareconsideredimpolite.Anyoneswimmingwillbepunished.D.作定语时,要注意分词所表示动作的发生时间:①表示正在进行的动作eg.)Tellthechildren(_____)playingtherenottomaketoomuchnoise.②表示经常性动作或现在/当时的状态eg.)Iusedtoliveinaroomfacing(=_______)south.③其他情况,一般不用现在分词短语作定语,而用定语从句eg.)Themanwhocamethism