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外文原文

MechanicalDesign

Abstract:
Amachineisacombinationofmechanismsandothercomponentswhichtransforms,
transmits.Examplesareengines,turbines,vehicles,hoists,printingpresses,washing
machines,andmoviecameras.Manyoftheprinciplesandmethodsofdesignthatapply
tomachinesalsoapplytomanufacturedarticlesthatarenottruemachines.Theterm

design.themotionandstructuralaspectsandtheprovisionsforretentionandenclosure
areconsiderationsinmechanicaldesign.Applicationsoccurinthefieldofmechanical
engineering,andinotherengineeringfieldsaswell,allofwhichrequiremechanical
devices,suchasswitches,cams,valves,vessels,andmixers.
Keywords:MechanicalDesignmechanismsDesignProcess
TheDesignProcess
Designingstartswithaneedreal.Existingapparatusmayneedimprovementsindurability,
efficiency,weight,speed,orcost.Newapparatusmaybeneededtoperformafunction
previously
donebymen,suchascomputation,assembly,orservicing.Withtheobjectivewhollyor
partly
Inthedesignpreliminarystage,shouldallowtodesignthepersonnelfullytodisplaythe
creativity,noteachkindofrestraint.Evenifhashadmanyimpracticalideas,alsocanin
thedesignearlytime,namelyinfrontoftheplanblueprintiscorrected.Onlythen,only
thendoesnotsendtostopsuptheinnovationthementality.Usually,mustpropose
severalsetsofdesignproposals,thenperformthecomparison.Hasthepossibilityvery
muchintheplanwhichfinallydesignated,hasusedcertainnotinplansomeideaswhich
accepts.
Whenthegeneralshapeandafewdimensionsoftheseveralcomponentsbecome
apparent,analysiscanbegininearnest.Theanalysiswillhaveasitsobjectivesatisfactory
orsuperiorperformance,plussafetyanddurabilitywithminimumweight,anda
competitivecost.Optimumproportionsanddimensionswillbesoughtforeachcritically
loadedsection,togetherwithabalancebetweenthestrengthsoftheseveralcomponents.
Materialsandtheirtreatmentwillbechosen.Theseimportantobjectivescanbeattained
onlybyanalysisbasedupontheprinciplesofmechanics,suchasthoseofstaticfor
reactionforcesandfortheoptimumutilizationoffriction;ofdynamicsforinertia,
acceleration,andenergy;ofel