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机械设计过程外文文献翻译、中英翻译、外文翻译.pdf

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长春光华学院 毕业设计（论文）译文纸 TheDesignofMachineryProcess ┊ ┊DesignInventionCreativity ┊Theseareallfamiliartermsbutmaymeandifferentthingstodifferentpeople.These ┊ ┊termscanencompassawiderangeofactivitiesfromstylingthenewestlookinclothing,to ┊creatingimpressivearchitecture,toengineeringamachineforthemanufactureoffacial ┊ ┊tissues.Engineeringdesign,whichweareconcernedwithhere,embodiesallthreeofthese ┊activitiesaswellasmanyothers.TheworddesignisderivedfromtheLatindesignare,which ┊ means“todesignate,ormarkout.”Webster’sgivesseveraldefinitions,themostapplicable ┊ ┊being“tooutline,plot,orplan,asactionorwork…toconceive,invent-contrive.”Engineering ┊ designhasbeendefinedas“...theprocessofapplyingthevarioustechniquesandscientific 装 ┊principlesforthepurposeofdefiningadevice,aprocessorasysteminsufficientdetailto ┊ permititsrealization...Designmaybesimpleorenormouslycomplex,easyordifficult, ┊ ┊mathematicalornonmathematical;itmayinvolveatrivialproblemoroneofgreat ┊ importance.”Designisauniversalconstituentofengineeringpractice.Butthecomplexityof 订 ┊engineeringsubjectsusuallyrequiresthatthestudentbeservedwithacollectionofstructured, ┊set-pieceproblemsdesignedtoelucidateaparticularconceptorconceptsrelatedtothe ┊ ┊particulartopic.Thesetextbookproblemstypicallytaketheformof“givenA,B,C,andD, ┊findE.”Unfortunately,real-lifeengineeringproblemsarealmostneversostructured.Read 线 ┊designproblemsmoreoftentaketheformof“Whatweneedisaframustostuffthiswidget ┊intothatholewithinthetimeallocatedtothetransferofthisothergizmo.”Thenew ┊ ┊engineeringgraduatewillsearchinvainamonghisorhertextbooksformuchguidanceto ┊solvesuchaproblem.Thisunstructuredproblemstatementusuallyleadstowhatis ┊ commonlycalled“blankpapersyndrome.”Engineersoftenfindthemselvesstaringatablank ┊ ┊sheetofpaperponderinghowtobeginsolvingsuchanill-definedproblem. ┊ Muchofengineeringeducationdealswithtopicsofanalysis,whichmeansto ┊ ┊decompose,totakeapart,toresolveintoitsconstituentparts.Thisisquitenecessary.The ┊ engineermustknowhowtoanalyzesyste