高考英语语法：动名词.doc

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动名词
动名词是非限定动词的一种形式，由动词原形+ing构成。它既有动词的特征，又有名词的特征，故称。动名词也有时态和语态的变化，如表所示（以及物动词write为例），不及物动词没有语态的变化。时态/语态主动被动一般式writingbeingwritten完成式havingwrittenhavingbeenwritten6.1动名词作主语、宾语和表语1）作主语。例如：FightingbrokeoutbetweentheSouthandtheNorth.南方与北方开战了。2）作宾语a.有些动词可以用动名词作宾语。例如：admit承认appreciate感激avoid避免complete完成consider认为delay耽误deny否认detest讨厌endure忍受enjoy喜欢escape逃脱fancy想象finish完成imagine想象mind介意miss想念postpone推迟practice训练recall回忆resent讨厌resume继续resist抵抗risk冒险suggest建议face面对include包括stand忍受understand理解forgive宽恕keep继续例如：Wouldyoumindturningdownyourradioalittle,please?你把收音机音量调小一点，好吗Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissedbeingcaught.这松鼠幸运得很，刚逃避了被逮住的厄运。b.有些结构后面可以用动名词作宾语或其他成分。例如：admittoprefer…tobeusedtoleadtodevoteoneselftoobjecttosticktonogoodnousebefondoflookforwardtobeproudofbebusycan\'thelpbetiredofbecapableofbeafraidofthinkofburstoutkeeponinsistoncountonsetaboutputoffbegoodattakeupgiveupbesuccessfulin3）作表语，对主语说明、解释。例如：Herjobiswashing,cleaningandtakingcareofthechildren.她的工作是洗刷、清扫和照顾孩子。比较：Sheiswashing,cleaningandtakingcareofthechildren.4）作定语，一般表示所修饰名词事物的用途。例如：awritingdesk=adeskforwriting写字台aswimmingpool=apoolswimming游泳池有些动名词作定语，与所修饰的名词关系比较复杂。例如：boilingpoint=atemperaturepointatwhichsomethingbeginstoboil沸点awalkingtractor=atractorwhichadrivercanoperatewhileheorsheiswalkingbehindit手扶拖拉机6.2worth的用法worth,worthy,worthwhile都是形容词，意为\"值得\"。1.worth：beworth+n.当名词为金钱时，表示\"……值得……\"常见的有It’sworthwhiletodo./It’sworth（someone’s）whiledoingbeworthdoingsth.\"……某事值得被做\"Thequestionisnotworthdiscussingagainandagain.这问题不值得反复讨论。2.worthy：beworthyof+n.当名词为抽象名词时表示\"……值得……\"beworthytobedone\"某事值得被做\"Thequestionisnotworthytobediscussedagainandagain.3.worthwhile：beworthwhiletodosth\"值得做某事\"Itisworthwhiletoaskhimtojointheclub.值得邀请他加入俱乐部。典型例题Itisnot____todiscussthequestionagainandagain.A.worthB.worthyC.worthwhileD.worthwhile答案C.由worth的用法可知，此句只适合词组beworthwhiletodosth.。选C。