4社会保障基金筹集及运营国际比较.ppt

第三章社会保障基金筹集及运营国际比较第一节社会保障基金筹集模式一、现收现付制（pay-as-you-gou）：pay-as-you-go:Moneyraisedbyapayrolltaxonwagesispaidoutalmostimmediatelytobeneficiaries.Thetrustfundplaystheroleofacheckingaccountbeingonlylargeenoughtoensureasmoothcashflowandtoevenoutfluctuationsoftheeconomy.1．pay-as-you-go:①Stabilityofincometothesystemcanmaintainthebalancebetweentheincomeandcost;②Predictability;③Lowadministrativecost;④Built-ininflationprotection;⑤Demographic--theagingofthepopulationandthepopulationsurgeknownasthebabyboom.Aswillbedemonstratedbelowthesolutiontothisproblemisclear.二、完全积累制（pay-as-you-earn）：pay-as-you-earn:Thefinancingmodeisintheprincipleoflongtermlongitudinalbalance.amethodofpayingincometaxandnationalinsurancecontributions.Youremployerdeductstaxandnationalinsurancecontributionsfromyourwagesoroccupationalpensionbeforepayingyouyourwagesorpension.2．pay-as-you-earn:①Thefuturereturnishighlyrelatedtothepaymentintheperiodofinsuranceithasstrongincentivemechanism;②Hightransparencytheproportionofthefundextractionisrelativelystablefullyrepresentthereservefunctionofthefund.③StrongantiagingabilityTheagestructureofthepopulationhavelittleeffectonit.④theaccumulatedbudgetfundcanmakeoperationbyenteringthecapitalmarkettoIncrementmeanwhilecanaccumulatecapitalfortheeconomicgrowthandimprovethecapitalformation.⑤Noredistributionfunctioncan’tmakewealthtransferisbadforreducingthegapbetweenrichandpoorthereforgobeyondtheoriginalintentionofsocialsecurity.⑥Highadministrativecosthighrisk.三、部分积累制（integration）：Integration:afundraisingmodeintegratedtwomodesaboveamodecompatiblewithrecentlyhorizontalbalanceprincipleandlong-termlongitudinalbalanceprinciple.costsharingmode社会保障基金分担方式比较第二节社会保障基金管理模式1.Trustmanagementmodel（信托基金管理模式）：美国社会保障基金主要是由四个独立的信托组