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汽车设计外文文献翻译、中英文翻译、外文翻译.pdf

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AutomobileDesign-FrameDesigns Thevehicleframeisthebasicplatformtowhichallsuspensionandsteeringlinkageparts attach.Avehiclewillneithersteernorhandlewelliftheframeistooflexible.Arigidframe structuremaypassunnecessaryvibrationsintothepassengercompartment.Theframeand suspensiondesignwillaffecttheridequality,handling,anddurability,aswellasthelevelsof bothnoiseandvibration. Manufacturersuseseveraldifferenttypesofconstructionontheirvehicles.Ofthese, separatebodyandframeconstructionwasthemostcommonthroughthe1970's.Itisstillused inlargevans,pickups,andtrucks.Inthistypeofconstruction,theengine,driveline,running gear,andbodymounttotheframethroughinsulators.Insulatorsaresyntheticrubberpadsthat keeproadandenginenoiseandvibrationfromgoingintothepassengercompartment. Asecondtypeofconstructionistheunitizedbody.This,designisbyfarthemost popularinmodernvehicles.Theunitizeddesignhasalightweightstructurewiththerequired strength.Tnthistypeofconstruction,theframeisweldedintothebodyaspartofthebody structure.Bodypanelsaddstrengthtotheframepieces.Therunninggearanddrivelineare mountedtotheunitizedbodythroughlarge,softsyntheticrubberinsulators.Theinsulators minimizethetransferofnoiseandvibration.Iftheinsulatorsaretoosoft,theywillallowtoo muchrunninggearanddrivelinemovement.Thismovement,calledcompliance,affects vehiclehandlingandcontrol.Iftheinsulatorsaretoohard,theywillnotinsulatenoiseand vibrationastheyshould.Themanufacturercarefullydesignstheinsulatorsandputsthem wheretheywillbeinavehiclewithlownoiseandvibrationtransmissionthatstillhasproper handlingandfeel.Insulatorpropertieschangewithage,changingoriginalcharacteristicsas thevehiclebecomesolder. Athirdtypeofconstructioncombinesthefeaturesofthefirstandsecondtypes.Itusesa stubframefromthebulkheadforwardandaunitizedbodyfromthebulkheadback.The unitizedpartisveryrigid,whilethestubframeprovidesaplaceforgoodinsulation. Manufacturersselectthetypeofconstruction.thatismosteconomicaltobuild,'while providingthenoise,vibration,andrideandhandlingcharac