学术英语(社科)Unit3三单元原文及翻译.pdf

UNIT3Unemployment

1.Losingajobcanbethemostdistressingeconomiceventina

person’slife.Mostpeoplerelyontheirlaborearningstomaintaintheir

standardofliving,andmanypeoplegetfromtheirworknotonlyincome

butalsoasenseofpersonalaccomplishment.Ajoblossmeansalower

livingstandardinthepresent,anxietyaboutthefuture,andreduced

self-esteem.Itisnotsurprising,therefore,thatpoliticianscampaigning

forofficeoftenspeakabouthowtheirproposedpolicieswillhelpcreate

jobs.

失去一份工作可能是最痛苦的经济事件在一个人的生活。大多数人们

依靠自己的劳动收入来维持他们的生活标准,许多人会从他们的工作

得到的不仅是收入，还有自己的成就感。一个失去工作意味着现在要

定一个更低的生活标准,焦虑未来,并丧失自尊心。这并不奇怪,因此,

政治家竞选办公室经常谈论他们所提出的政策将帮助创造就业机会。

4.Injudginghowserioustheproblemofunemploymentis,one

questiontoconsideriswhetherunemploymentistypicallyashort-termor

long-termcondition.Ifunemploymentisshort-term,onemightconclude

thatitisnotabigproblem.Workersmayrequireafewweeksbetween

jobstofindtheopeningsthatbestsuittheirtastesandskills.Yetif

unemploymentislong-term,onemightconcludethatitisaserious

problem.Workersunemployedformanymonthsaremorelikelytosuffer

economicandpsychologicalhardship.
判断失业问题有多么严重时，其中一个问题就是要考虑是否失业通常

是一个短期或长期的条件。如果失业是短期的，人们可能会得出结论，

它不是一个大问题。工人可能需要几个星期的工作之间找到最适合他

们的口味和技能的开口。然而，如果失业是长期的，人们可能会得出

结论，这是一个严重的问题。许多个月的失业工人更容易遭受经济和

心理上的困难。

5.Onereasonwhyeconomiesalwaysexperiencesome

unemploymentisjobsearch.Jobsearchistheprocessofmatching

workerswithappropriatejobs.Ifallworkersandalljobswerethesame,

sothatallworkerswereequallywellsuitedforalljobs,jobsearchwould

notbeaproblem.Laid-offworkerswouldquicklyfindnewjobsthat

werewellsuitedforthem.But,infact,workersdifferintheirtastesand

skills,jobsdifferintheirattributes,andinformationaboutjobcandidates

andjobvacanciesisdisseminatedslowlyamongthemanyfirmsand

householdsintheeconomy.

摩擦性失业往往是在不同企业之间的劳动力需求变化的结果。当消费

者决定，他们更喜欢富士通而不是宏碁，富士通增加就业岗位，宏碁

就解雇工人。前宏碁的工人必须寻找新的就业机会，而富士通必须决

定雇用新工人开辟了各种作业。这种转变的结果是一段时间的失业。

6.Frictionalunemploymentisoftentheresultofchangesinthe

demandforlaboramongdifferentfirms.Whenconsumersdecidethat

theypreferCo