船舶吊机立柱架设计与结构优化.docx

摘要船舶吊机是海面作业的重要机械设备之一，主要对装卸的物品进行搬运。船舶吊机主要由甲板基座、立柱架、起吊臂和控制室等部分组成。立柱架是船舶吊机的基本结构，连接甲板基座和起吊臂，承载了吊机作业的全部负载力矩，根据载荷分布情况，立柱架需要有较好的强度、刚度和稳定性。因此立柱架结构设计的合理性和安全性是保证吊机正常工作的重要条件之一。本文进行了船舶吊机立柱架设计与结构优化的全部过程，通过分析吊机的起吊形式确定工作情况及大致尺寸参数；运用力学和几何学知识建立动力学方程；通过MATLAB进行数值分析，得出各位置下力的变化曲线；进行结构设计，运用SolidWorks软件建立三维模型；将三维模型导入ANSYSWorkbench中进行有限元分析和结构优化。本次设计在参考了大量有限元分析案例文献的基础上，综合运用了结构设计、力学计算、MATLAB数值分析、三维建模、ANSYS有限元分析等各方面的知识，是一个完整而有意义的设计过程，既使以前所学的知识得到加强和巩固，又增长了许多新的知识。关键词：船舶吊机；有限元分析；结构优化设计；ANSYSWorkbench；MATLABAbstractShipcraneisoneofthemostimportantmechanicalequipmentinseaoperations,mainlyforloadingandunloadinggoodshandling.Shipcranemainlyconsistsofadeckbase,framecolumn,liftingarm,acontrolroomandotherparts.Framecolumnisbasicstructureofshipcrane,whichisconnectedtothedeckbaseandtheliftingarm,carryingalltheloadtorqueofthehoistingmachine,andaccordingtothedistributionoftheload,framecolumnneedtohavebetterstrength,rigidityandstability.Therefore,therationalityandsafetyofthecolumnframestructuredesignisoneoftheimportantconditionstoensurethecranenormalwork.Inthispaper,thewholeprocessofthedesignandstructureoptimizationoftheshipcraneiscarriedout.Throughtheanalysisofthecraneliftingformtodeterminetheconditionsandapproximatesizeparameters;Dynamicequationsareestablishedbyusingtheknowledgeofmechanicsandgeometry;NumericalanalysisiscarriedoutbyMATLAB,andtogettheoutputofthechangecurve;Structuraldesign,usingSolidWorkssoftwaretobuildthree-dimensionalmodel;andthenthreedimensionalmodelisintroducedintoworkbenchANSYStobecarriedoutfiniteelementanalysisandstructuraloptimization.Basedoninreferencetoalargenumberoffiniteelementanalysisoftheliterature,thisdesigncomprehensivelyusedofstructuraldesign,mechanicalcalculation,MATLABnumericalanalysis,three-dimensionalmodeling,ANSYSfiniteelementanalysisandotheraspectsofknowledge,whichisacompleteandmeaningfuldesignprocess,evenifpreviouslylearnedknowledgehasbeenstrengthenedandconsolidated,andalotofnewknowledgeisincreased.Keywords:ShipCrane;FiniteElementAnalysis;StructuralOptimizationDesign