中考定语从句专题复习学案.doc

定语从句中考专题复习1.定义：修饰名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后。定语从句在句中相当一个形容词，起定语作用。2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词关系词有关系代词和关系副词关系代词：that,which,who,whom,whose关系副词：when，where,why3.关系词常有三个作用：①、引导定语从句②、代替先行词③、在定语从句中充当一个成分关系代词that,which,who,whom,whose在定语从句中的用法1.who指人，在从句中做主语(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.修饰人(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.2.whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedabout.注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。(3)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.修饰物3．which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(which在句子中做主语)(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.(which在句子中做宾语)4.that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。既可以修饰人也可以修饰物(5)Thepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityareallhere.(在句子中做主语)(6)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?(在句子中做宾语)5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.(2)Ilivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.(3)Doyoulikethebookwhosecolorisyellow?小结：定语从句中关系代词的用法关系代词指人指物主语宾语定语that√√√√×which×√√√×who√×√√×whom√××√×whose√√××√步骤：1.判断出先行词是指人还是物。2.判断出先行词在从句中所担任的成分。3.确定关系代词。练习一:用that、which、who、whom、whose填空1.Thisistheman________wantstoseeyou.2.Theman__________youwenttoseehascome.3.Thewoman_______________yousawisourgeographyteacher.4.Hereisthepen_________youlostthedaybeforeyesterday.5.Thesebooks_________youlentmewereveryuseful.6.Thebook____________isonthetableismine.7.Isthereanyone____________familyisinBeijing?8.Showmetheboy______________motherisawell-knownsinger.9.Theboy______fatherisateacherisgoodatEnglish.定语从句的特殊用法1.下列情况只能用that引导1）当先行词既有人又有物修饰时Eg:Mariatookphotosofthethingsandpeoplethatshewasinterestedin.2)当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时,为避免重复，用that①Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere?②WhichistheT-shirtthatsuitsmefine?3）当先行词有theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast等修辞时Eg:Theonlythingthatisimportantistofindourwayhome.4）当先行词有序数词和最高级修饰时Eg:Thisisthebestfilm(that)I’veeverseen.ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.5）当先行词是anything,everything,nothingsomething,few,all,none,little,some等代词时，或者是由every,any,all