宾语从句用法.docx

宾语从句用法教学内容：宾语从句一、宾语从句的连接词:1、连词that,只起连接作用,在从句中不作句子成分,也无词汇意义,在口语中常被省略。e.g.Heknew(that)heshouldworkhard.2、连词if、whether,它们起连接作用,在从句中不作句子成分,作"是否"解,在口语中多用if。e.g.Tomdon'tknowif/whetherhisgrandpalikedthepresent.HeaskedmewhetherornotIwascoming.一般情况下,if和whether可以互换,但以下3种情况只能用whether:①在不定式前:Whethertogothereornothasn'tbeendecided.②在介词后:Itdependson(依靠)whetheritisgoingtorain.③与ornot连用:Theyaretalkingaboutwhethertogothereornot.3、连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,连接副词when,where,why,how,它们起连接作用,作句子成分,各有自己的意义。e.g.Theteacheraskedthenewstudentswhichclasshewasin.Iwonderwherehegotsomuchmoney.【注意】1、由连接代、副词引导的宾语从句可以和"疑问词+不定式"结构转化。e.g.Idon'tknowhowIshoulddowiththepresents.?Idon'tknowhowtodowiththepresents.2、要注意区分判断由if、when引导的从句类型.二、宾语从句的语序:宾语从句的语序是陈述语序,即"连接词+主语+谓语+其它成分"。特别强调:它的主语和谓语的语序是陈述语序,而不是疑问句的倒装结构。Canyoutellmewho(m)dowehavetosee?(╳)Canyoutellmewho(m)wehavetosee?(√)Theteacheraskedthestudentswhattheyweredoing.(思考:what在从句中的成分)陈述句变为宾语从句时,要注意人称和时态的变化,语序不变。eg.Shesaid,"Iwillleaveamessageonthedesk."‘Shesaidshewouldleaveamessageonthedesk.一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句时,也要注意人称和时态的变化,后面接陈述语序。Eg."Wherearethetickets?"Iaskedhim.'Iaskedhimwheretheticketsare.三、宾语从句的时态呼应:宾语从句中谓语动词的时态,常常受到主句谓语时态的制约,此为时态呼应。如果主句谓语是一般现在时或将来时,从句谓语的时态不受限制;如果主句谓语的时态是一般过去时,从句一般要随着改为相应的过去时态(一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时)。e.g.Ithought(that)youarefreetoday.(╳)Ithought(that)youwouldbefreetoday.(√)【注意】当宾语从句叙述的是客观真理时,不管主句谓语的时态如何,从句都用一般现在时。e.g.Theteachertoldus(that)theearthmovesaroundthesun.中考链接【2013常州】9..---Howsoonwillyoustartyourjourney?----I’mnotsure.Ihaven’tdecided______.AwhenshallIaskthebossforleaveBwhereIwillgotospendtheholidayCwhetherIwouldgobytrainorbyplaneDwhocouldinvitemetogo【2014常州】9.Hi,Jim.Ihearthatyou’vejustcomebackfromSanya.I’mcallingtoask.A.howdidyouvisitthecityB.howmanydaysyou’vespendthereC.whichhotelyoustayedinSanyaD.howyoufoundtheseafoodthere【2011常州】10．IntheUK,awomanusuallydoesn’tliketobeasked________.A.whethershehadbeenmarriedB.whatisherageC.howmuchsheweighsD.whereshecomesfrom【2013扬州】.---Couldyoutellme_________?---Morethanayear.A.howsoon