宾语从句用法.docx

宾语从句用法
教学内容：宾语从句
一、宾语从句的连接词:
1、连词that,只起连接作用,在从句中不作句子成分,也无词汇意义,在口语中常被省略。
e.g.Heknew(that)heshouldworkhard.
2、连词if、whether,它们起连接作用,在从句中不作句子成分,作"是否"解,在口语中多用if。
e.g.Tomdon'tknowif/whetherhisgrandpalikedthepresent.
HeaskedmewhetherornotIwascoming.
一般情况下,if和whether可以互换,但以下3种情况只能用whether:
①在不定式前:Whethertogothereornothasn'tbeendecided.
②在介词后:Itdependson(依靠)whetheritisgoingtorain.
③与ornot连用:Theyaretalkingaboutwhethertogothereornot.
3、连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,连接副词when,where,why,how,它们起连接作用,作句子成分,各有自己的意义。
e.g.Theteacheraskedthenewstudentswhichclasshewasin.
Iwonderwherehegotsomuchmoney.
【注意】1、由连接代、副词引导的宾语从句可以和"疑问词+不定式"结构转化。
e.g.Idon'tknowhowIshoulddowiththepresents.?Idon'tknowhowtodowiththepresents.
2、要注意区分判断由if、when引导的从句类型.
二、宾语从句的语序:
宾语从句的语序是陈述语序,即"连接词+主语+谓语+其它成分"。特别强调:它的主语和谓语的语序是陈述语序,而不是疑问句的倒装结构。
Canyoutellmewho(m)dowehavetosee?(╳)
Canyoutellmewho(m)wehavetosee?(√)
Theteacheraskedthestudentswhattheyweredoing.(思考:what在从句中的成分)
陈述句变为宾语从句时,要注意人称和时态的变化,语序不变。eg.Shesaid,"Iwillleaveamessageonthedesk."‘Shesaidshewouldleaveamessageonthedesk.
一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句时,也要注意人称和时态的变化,后面接陈述语序。Eg."Wherearethetickets?"Iaskedhim.'Iaskedhimwheretheticketsare.

三、宾语从句的时态呼应:
宾语从句中谓语动词的时态,常常受到主句谓语时态的制约,此为时态呼应。如果主句谓语是一般现在时或将来时,从句谓语的时态不受限制;如果主句谓语的时态是一般过去时,从句一般要随着改为相应的过去时态(一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时)。
e.g.Ithought(that)youarefreetoday.(╳)
Ithought(that)youwouldbefreetoday.(√)
【注意】当宾语从句叙述的是客观真理时,不管主句谓语的时态如何,从句都用一般现在时。
e.g.Theteachertoldus(that)theearthmovesaroundthesun.
中考链接
【2013常州】
9..---Howsoonwillyoustartyourjourney?
----I’mnotsure.Ihaven’tdecided______.
AwhenshallIaskthebossforleave
BwhereIwillgotospendtheholiday
CwhetherIwouldgobytrainorbyplane
Dwhocouldinvitemetogo
【2014常州】
9. Hi,Jim.Ihearthatyou’vejustcomebackfromSanya.I’mcallingtoask.
A.howdidyouvisitthecityB.howmanydaysyou’vespendthere
C.whichhotelyoustayedinSanyaD.howyoufoundtheseafoodthere
【2011常州】
10．IntheUK,awomanusuallydoesn’tliketobeasked________.
A.whethershehadbeenmarriedB.whatisherage
C.howmuchsheweighsD.whereshecomesfrom
【2013扬州】.---C