英语语法全程复习)之--定语从句 试题.doc

十六.定语从句一、定语从句的定义和结构在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词，充当定语的从句。被修饰的词叫先行词，引出从句的词叫关系词（分关系代词和关系副词）。定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that,which,who(宾格whom,所有格whose),as,but,和关系副词where,when,why。关系词放在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又指代先行词内容，并在从句中充当一个成分。关系词是根据先行词类别、关系词在从句中所作成分以及其他特殊要求三个方面确定的。关系词基本分类：指人：who,whom,whose,ofwhom,that,as,but指事物：which,whose,ofwhich,that,as,but指人或事物：whose,that,as,but指时间：when指地点：where指原因：why二、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词：that,which,who,whom,whose,(as,but).1)that的先行词可指人或物，以及人与物同指。that在从句中作主、宾或表语：Ilikethebookthatyoulenttome.我喜欢你借给我的那本书。Theboythatisstandingnearthedoorismybrother.站在门边的那个男孩是我弟弟。Heisnolongerthepersonthatheusedtobe.他不再是他过去的那个样子。2)which的先行词是物。which在作从句的主语或宾语：Theyplantedtheflowerswhichdidn'tneedmuchwater.Thedictionarywhichmyfatherboughtformeisveryusefultome.我爸爸给我买的词典非常有用。注意that,which指物时有时可互换（二者的区别见“定语从句注意事项”）。3)who/whom的先行词是人。在从句中作主语用who，作宾语用whom。TheteacherwhowenttoseemeyesterdayisMr.Wang.ThegirlwhomItalkedwithjustnowwillgotoBeijing.Mr.Readisthepersontowhomyoushouldwrite.4）whose的先行词可以是人也可是物。whose在从句中作定语。whose可用ofwhich,ofwhom换用，不过ofwhich和ofwhom除了表所属外还可以表示部分与整体的关系。Heistheboywhosefatherisadoctor.Doyouknowtheownerofthehousewhosewindows/thewindowsofwhich/ofwhichthewindowsfacesouth?Herearetenplayers,threeofwhomarefromLondon.Allthebooks,fiveofwhicharebroken,havebeenputaway.whose还可以与它修饰的词一起作介词宾语：ThebossinwhosedepartmentMr.Kingworkedcalledatthehospital.三、关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词：why,where,when（非正式用法中都可用that代替）。它们也可用介词+which代替，关系副词在从句中都作状语。1)why(=forwhich)的先行词只用thereason。why在从句中作原因状语。Idon'tknowthereasonwhy(forwhich)hedidn'tcome.★当先行词为reason时，关系词若不在从句中作状语，就只能用that或which，而不是why。2)where（=介词+which）的先行词是表地点的词，如：house,room,place等。where在从句中作地点状语。Thisistheschoolwherewestudyeveryyear.★当先行词为地点名词时，关系词若不在从句中作状语，就只能用that或which，而不是where。Thisistheschoolwhichwestudyineveryday.Thisistheschoolthat/whichwevisitedyesterday.3)when（=介词+which）的先行词是表示时间的名词，如time,year,day,week等。when在从句中作时间状语。I'llneverforgetthetimewhen(duringwhich)weworkedonthefarm.★当先行词为时间名词时，关系词若不在从句中作状语，就只能用that或which，而不是when。Istillrememberthedaythat/whichi