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定语从句中关系副词的用法关系副词,顾名思义,是联系先行词和定语从句的词,属于副词。定语从句中的关系副词有三个:when,where和why,它们在定语从句中分别作时间、地点和原因状语。其句法结构如下:表时间的名词+when+定语从句when指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。例句:IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedthearmy.表地点的名词+where+定语从句where指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。例句:Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisinthewestofthecity.ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.表原因的名词reason+why+定语从句(why只用于reason之后的限制性定语从句中,在定语从句中作原因状语。)例句:ThatisthereasonwhyIdidthejob.(在现代英语中why可以省略)上句也可以这样表示:ThatisthereasonIdidthejob.又如:Thiswasthereason(why)weraisedthetemperature.关系副词在定语从句中的用法看似简单,以下注意点不可忽视:1)“when”、“where”和“why”的运用取就于表时间的名词、表地点的名词和表原因的名词reason在定语从句中所作的成分,比较下面的几组句子:*IwillneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstmetyouontheseashore.*Iwillneverforgetthedayswhich/thatwespenttogetherinXueyaoMiddleSchool.**Thisisthehospitalwheremymotherworks.**Thisisthehospitalwhich/thatwevisitedthedaybeforeyesterday.***Thereasonwhyhedidnotgotoschoolisthathewasill.***Thisisthereasonwhich/thathegavehisbossintheoffice.2)“when”、“where”和“why”都可以替换成“介词+which”,介词的选用取就于先行词和定语从句中的动词。例如:DoyoustillrememberthedayonwhichwefirstmetinNantong?(onwhich=when)Thisistheroominwhichwelivedlastyear.(inwhich=where)DoyouknowthereasonforwhichherefusedtogotoMary’sbirthdayparty.(forwhich=why)有时定语从句中介词短语和动词有意义紧密的修饰关系,尤其在非限制性定语从句中,常使用“介词+which”结构,而不使用关系副词。例如:Mymotherworksinafactory,infrontofwhichthereisasmallriver.Atnightthesoldiersgottoasmallhill,atthefootofwhichstoodafarmhouse.3)关系副词“when”、“where”既可引导限制性定语从句,也可引导非限制性定语从句。例如:IwillalwaysrememberthedaywhenIfirstvisitedtheGreatWall.HecametoShanghaiin1980,whenhewasonly12.Idon’tknowtheexactspotwheretheywillmeet.MrWangwillflytoBeijing,wherehewillstayforthreemonths.有时关系副词“when”、“where”引导的限制性定语从句和先行词有间隔的现象,是为了平衡句子的语法需要。DoyourememberoneafternoontenyearsagowhenIcametoyourhouseandborrowedadiamondnecklace?ThedaysaregoneforeverwhentheChinesepeopleused“foreignoil.”.4)“that”可活用为关系副词,相当于“when,where、why”和“介词+which”结构,尤其在“thetimewhen”等结构中的“when”常被“that”代替,而且“that”往往省略。ImayleavehereanytimeIwantto.DuringthetimeIw