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雅思考试阅读匹配模考试题附详解.docx

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雅思考试阅读匹配模考试题附详解【CanScientiststellus:Whathappinessis?】AEconomistsacceptthatifpeopledescribethemselvesashappy,thentheyarehappy.However,psychologistsdifferentiatebetweenlevelsofhappiness.Themostimmediatetypeinvolvesafeeling;pleasureorjoy.Butsometimeshappinessisajudgmentthatlifeissatisfying,anddoesnotimplyanemotionalstate.EsteemedpsychologistMartinSeligmanhasspearheadedanefforttostudythescienceofhappiness.Thebadnewsisthatwe'renotwiredtobehappy.Thegoodnewsisthatwecandosomethingaboutit.SinceitsoriginsinaLeipziglaboratory130yearsago,psychologyhashadlittletosayaboutgoodnessandcontentment.Mostlypsychologistshaveconcernedthemselveswithweaknessandmisery.Therearelibrariesfulloftheoriesaboutwhywegetsad,worried,andangry.Ithasn'tbeenrespectablesciencetostudywhathappenswhenlivesgowell.Positiveexperiences,suchasjoy,kindness,altruismandheroism,havemainlybeenignored.Forevery100psychologypapersdealingwithanxietyordepression,onlyoneconcernsapositivetrait.BAfewpioneersinexperimentalpsychologybuckedthetrend.ProfessorAliceIsenofCornellUniversityandcolleagueshavedemonstratedhowpositiveemotionsmakepeoplethinkfasterandmorecreatively.Showinghoweasyitistogivepeopleanintellectualboost,Isendivideddoctorsmakingatrickydiagnosisintothreegroups:onereceivedcandy,onereadhumanisticstatementsaboutmedicine,onewasacontrolgroup.Thedoctorswhohadcandydisplayedthemostcreativethinkingandworkedmoreefficiently.InspiredbyIsenandothers,Seligmangotstuckin.Heraisedmillionsofdollarsofresearchmoneyandfunded50researchgroupsinvolving150scientistsacrosstheworld.Fourpositivepsychologycentresopened,decoratedincheerfulcoloursandfurnishedwithsofasandbaby-sitters.Therewereget-togethersonMexicanbeacheswherepsychologistswouldsnorkelandeatfajitas,thenform"pods"todiscusssubjectssuchaswonderandawe.Athousandtherapistswerecoachedinthenewscience.CButcriticsaredemandinganswerstobigquestions.Whatisthepointofdefininglevelsofhappinessandclassifyingthevirtues?Aren'ttheseconceptsvagueandimpossibletopindown?Canyoujustifyspendingfundstoresear