英语非谓语动词语法.docx

英语非谓语动词语法动词的非谓语形式分为动名词，分词，动词不定式。Climbingmountainisagoodexercise.(Climbing...,动名词起名词作用)爬山是一项好运动。Doyouknowthemanwearingawhiteshirt.(wearing...分词起形容词作用)你认识那个穿白衬衣的人吗?Hegetsupearlytocatchthefirstbus.(tocatch....不定式起副词作用)他早早起床是为了赶上第一班汽车。谓语动词和非谓语动词的区别：2)谓语动词在句中可单独作谓语，而非谓语动词不能单独作谓语。MissMaryteachesusEnglish.玛丽教我们英语。(teaches动词作谓语)Mr.Victorcametoourclassroomtohaveatalkwithuslastweek.维克托先生上周来到了我们教室和我们谈话。(tohaveatalk....不定式作状语)3)谓语动词受主语的人称和数的限制，而非谓语动词形式没有这种限制。Larkelikesthepopmusic.拉克喜欢流行音乐。(动词用单数第三人称形式)Larkehasnothingtodotoday.拉克今天没什么事要做。(do用原形)非谓语动词的特征：2如果非谓语动词是及物动词，后面须跟宾语。StudyingEnglishismyfavorite.学习英语是我的爱好。(studying后跟宾语)Tohelphimismyduty.帮助他是我的责任。(help后跟宾语)3非谓语动词可以带有自己的状语或逻辑主语。Workingundersuchaconditionisterrible.在这样的环境下工作太可怕了。(undersuchacondition是working的状语)It'stoodifficultforhimtomasterEnglishinsuchashorttime.他在这么短的时间内掌握英语太难了。(forhim作不定式的逻辑主语)4非谓语动词仍有语态和时态的变化。Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaitinglong.对不起让你久等了。(tohavekept...是不定式的完成形式)Seenfromthemountain,thecitylooksmuchmorebeautiful.从山上看，这座城市美丽多了。(Seenfrom...是分词的被动形式)5非谓语动词在句中可以当成名词或者形容词来使用。Ourcomingmadehimhappy.我们的到来使他很高兴。(coming起名词作用)Therearetwobigswimmingpoolshere.?这儿有两个大型游泳池。(swimming起形容词作用)非谓语动词的形式变化：不定式主动被动一般towritetobewritten进行tobewriting/完成tohavewrittentohavebeenwritten完成进行tohavebeenwriting/现在分词主动被动一般writingbeingwritten完成havingwrittenhavingbeenwritten过去分词一般written动名词主动被动一般writingbeingwritten完成havingwrittenhavingbeenwritten动名词动名词是由动词原形+ing构成，同现在分词形式一样，在句中可作主语，宾语，表语和定语。1)动名词作主语：Talkinglikethatisnotpolite.那样谈话不礼貌。Learning1fromothersisimportant.向别人学习很重要。Puttingonmoreclothesisnotsogood.多穿衣服不一定好。动名词可以象动词不定式一样，用it先行祠代替，而把动名词写在后面。It'snousewaitinghere,let'sgohome.在这儿等着也没用，我们回家吧。It'sverydifficultclimbingthismountain.爬这座山很困难。2)动名词作表语Thenurse'sjobislookingafterthepatients.护士的工作是护理病人。Seeingisbelieving.眼见为实。3)动名词作宾语有些动词须用动名词来作宾语,它们是begin,mind,suggest,finish,stop,need,enjoy,miss,keep.Pleasestopsmoking2inthehouse.请不要在家里抽烟。Ilikereadingintheforest.我喜欢在树林里读书。Doyoumindmyopeningthewindows?你介意我打开窗户吗?Sheisfoundofcollectingstamp.她喜欢集邮。动名词作定语Sheiss