英语语法非谓语动词.doc

非谓语动词一、不定式1．不定式的用法(1)作主语不定式短语作主语时，往往放在谓语之后，用it作形式主语。Tobewithoutsomeofthethingsyouwantisanindispensablepartofhappiness.有些东西你想要而没有，这是幸福不可缺少的一部分。Isn’titapleasuretoreviewwhatonehaslearnedfromtimetotime?学而时习之，不亦说乎？(2)作宾语英语动词大部分即可用动名词作宾语，也可以动词不定式作宾语。Everymandesirestolivelong;butnomanwouldbeold.每一个都想长寿，但没有人想做老人。Somepeoplepretendedtodespisethethingstheycannothave.吃不到葡萄说葡萄酸。注：a.动词+疑问词+todo，相当于一个省略的宾语从句。Thestudentswerediscussinghowtomaketheirmothershappy.Canyoutellmewheretogettothenearesttoilet.b.不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后，而用it作形式宾语。Ialwaysmakeitrulenevertocriticizeorattackthegovernmentofmyowncountry.Ipromiseditnevertobeatyouragain.(3)作补足语Televisionenablesyoutobeentertainedinyourhomebypeopleyouwouldn’thaveinyourhome.有了电视，你就不必让你不喜欢的人到你家里来，但可以享受他提供的娱乐。Hewasseentoenterthebuildingbythebackdoor.注：a.demand,hope,suggest不能接不定式，只能接that从句。ShesuggeststhatIopentheboxmyself.Hedemandsthatheshouldbetreatedequally.b.感官和使役动词后接省略to的不定式，但是用在被动语态中to还原。Feel,have,hear,let,listento,lookat,make,notice,observe,see,watch等She’ssougly;shemakesonionscry.她太丑了，甚至把洋葱都弄哭了。Takeyourway.Lettheworldtalk.走自己的路，让别人说去吧。Thebestwayamancanmakehiswifelistenisbytalkingtoanotherwoman.要让妻子听你说话，屡试不爽的方法是对另一个女人说话。(4)作定语不定式作定语，一般为后置定语。School:Agoodplacetosellglassesforshort-sightedness.学校是买近视眼镜最好的地方。Theonlywaytoamusesomepeopleistoslipandfallinicypavement.要使某些人发笑，唯有摔倒在结冰的人行道上。注：a.某些形容词和动词后通常接todo结构，这些词转换成名词也一样.Marriageisabribetomakeahousekeeperthinksheisahouseholder.婚姻是贿赂家庭主妇让她觉得她是一家之主。Thebestwaytopayforalovelymomentistoenjoyit.汇报良辰美景的最好方法是享受它。b.the+序数词，last,only,形容词最高级+todoThebestwaytostopkidsfromseeingdirtymoviesistolabelthem“Educational.”不让小孩看脏电影的最好办法是给它们贴上“教育片”的标签。ThefirstmantolandonthemoonisArmstrong.(5)作状语，表示目的、原因、结果或条件Teas:Akindofliquidusedbychildrentoissuecommands,bywomentogainsympathy,andbymentotideoverdifficulties.泪：孩子用来发号施令，女人用来博取同情，男人用来度过难关的一种液体。Tokeepearning,keeplearning.要想不断赚钱就要不断学习。Hereturnshomeonlytofindhiswiferunningaway.注：不定式常与enough和too…to连用Ateenagerisalwaystootiredtoholdadishcloth,butnevertootire