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英语(二)课文辅导：课文详解.docx

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英语(二)课文辅导：课文详解2006年英语(二)课文辅导：课文详解三.课文详解ImprovingIndustrialEfficiencythroughRobotics(链接，出现机器人的画面)Robots,becomingincreasinglyprevalentinfactoriesandindustrialplantsthroughoutthedevelopedworld,areprogrammedandengineeredtoperformindustrialtaskswithouthumanintervention.①Mostoftoday’srobotsareemployedintheautomotiveindustry,wheretheyareprogrammedtotakeoversuchjobsasweldingandspraypaintingautomobileandtruckbodies.②Theyalsoloadandunloadhot,heavymetalformsusedinmachinescastingautomobileandtruckframes.③Robots,alreadytakingoverhumantasksintheautomotivefield,arebeginningtobeseen,althoughtoalesserdegree,inotherindustriesaswell.④Theretheybuildelectricmotors,smallappliances,pocketcalculators,andevenwatches.Therobotsusedinnuclearpowerplantshandletheradioactivematerials,preventinghumanpersonnelfrombeingexposedtoradiation.⑤Thesearetherobotsresponsibleforthereductioninjob-relatedinjuriesinthisnewindustry.Whatmakesarobotarobotandnotjustanotherkindofautomaticmachine?Robotsdifferfromautomaticmachinesinthataftercompletionofonespecifictask,theycanbereprogrammedbyacomputertodoanotherone.⑥Asanexample,arobotdoingspotweldingonemonthcanbereprogrammedandswitchedtospraypaintingthenext.⑦Automaticmachines,ontheotherhand,arenotcapableofmanydifferentuses;theyarebuilttoperformonlyonetask.Thenextgenerationofrobotswillbeabletoseeobjects,willhaveasenseoftouch,andwillmakecriticaldecisions.Engineersskilledinmicroelectronicsandcomputertechnologyaredevelopingartificialvisionforrobots.Withtheabilityto"see",robotscanidentifyandinspectonespecificclassofobjectsoutofastackofdifferentkindsofmaterials.⑧Onerobotvisionsystemuseselectronicdigitalcamerascontainingmanyrowsoflight-sensitivematerials.Whenlightfromanobjectsuchasamachinepartstrikesthecamera,thesensitivematerialsmeasuretheintensityoflightandconvertthelightraysintoarangeofnumbers.⑨Thenumbersarepartofagrayscalesysteminwhichbrightnessismeasuredinarangeofvalues.Onescalerangesfrom0to15,andanotherfrom0to255.The0isrepresentedbyblack.Thehighestnumberiswhite.Thenumbe