托福阅读列举题的解题技巧.docx

托福阅读列举题的解题技巧托福阅读列举题的解题技巧列举题，也叫排除列举题，ETS称之为“否定事实信息题”(negativefactualinformationquestion)。基本形式如下：Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofX?Theauthor’sdescriptionofXmentionsallofthefollowingEXCEPT列举题的解题技巧列举题的基本思路是排除，排除与原文相符的`选项，与原文相矛盾的选项或原文未提到的选项是正确答案。注意问题中的否定词Not和EXCEPT。1.列举题的解题步骤1)看题干找关键词问题中有关键词的，可以根据它定位，然后将四个选项与定位的地方进行比较。如果没有关键词，可以先定位于上一个问题对应的段落之后的段落。2)阅读四个选项题干中没有线索的，可以阅读四个选项，总结其中的共同点进行定位，或者根据各个选项中的关键词一一进行定位。3)排除与原文相符的选项将各个选项与原文比较以后，排除其中符合原文意思的选项，剩下的一个选项，或者与原文相矛盾，或者在原文未提到，就是正确答案。例如，Theoppositeofanopportunistisacompetitor.Theseorganismstendtohavebigbodies,arelong-lived,andspendrelativelylittleefforteachyearonreproduction.Anoaktreeisagoodexampleofacompetitor.Amassiveoakclaimsitsgroundfor200yearsormore,outcompetingallotherwould-becanopytreesbycastingadenseshadeanddrawingupanyfreewaterinthesoil.Theleavesofanoaktreetastefoulbecausetheyarerichintannins,achemicalthatrendersthemdistastefulorindigestibletomanyorganisms.Thetanninsarepartofthedefensemechanismthatisessentialtolongevity.Althoughoaksproducethousandsofacorns,theinvestmentinacropofacornsissmallcomparedwiththeenergyspentonbuildingleaves,trunk,androots.Onceanoaktreebecomesestablished,itislikelytosurviveminorcyclesofdroughtandevenfire.Apopulationofoaksislikelytoberelativelystablethroughtime,anditssurvivalislikelytodependmoreonitsabilitytowithstandthepressuresofcompetitionorpredationthanonitsabilitytotakeadvantageofchanceevents.Itshouldbenoted,however,thatthepureopportunistorpurecompetitorisrareinnature,asmostspeciesfallbetweentheextremesofacontinuum,exhibitingablendofsomeopportunisticandsomecompetitivecharacteristics.Allofthefollowingarementionedinparagraph7ascontributingtothelongevityofanoaktreeEXCEPTthecapacitytocreateshadeleavescontainingtannintheabilitytowithstandmilddroughtsandfirethelargenumberofacornsthetreeproduces本题对应第七段(见上文)，其中前三个选项所说的条件(从第四句开始)都对oaktree的长寿有利，而第四个选项所说的“acorns的数量”并未与oaktree的寿命直接联系在一起，因此为正确答案。