托福阅读题型讲解：复述题.docx

托福阅读题型讲解：复述题托福阅读复述题Essential(1+2+3)=一个句子的逻辑逻辑连接词(次在选项中会被同义替换，但关系不变)(1)表示转接：a.转折:前后一次相反yet/however/whereas/while代表前后内容不一致(注：A+转折+B)b.让步：although/eventhough/evenif/inspiteof/despite(although+A+B;A+although+B)(2)可互换：a.因果：because/resultin/leadto/for/as/since/thus/therefore/hence/consequently要关注原因和结果分别是什么b.并列：and/aswellas/both/orc.顺接递进：furthermore/moreoverd.总分、举例：forexample/suchas/like/considering/including含有逻辑意味的动词stimulate，spark，trigger，cause，make，reason，havebeginwith，then注：时间上的先后顺序=因果顺序结论(优缺点)Inessential：例子(观点仍是essential的)动作的程度(动作仍是essential的)加入没有任何线索或以上信息，把所有修饰成分去掉，回归到主谓宾，主干相似就是答案。去thatwhich去形容词、副词去介词词组新托福阅读背景知识：爵士乐的根源TherootsofjazzThefolksongsandplantationdancemusicofblackAmericanscontributedmuchtoearlyjazz.TheseformsofmusicoccurredthroughouttheSouthernUnitedStatesduringthelate1800's.Ragtime,amusicalstylethatinfluencedearlyjazz,emergedfromtheSt.Louis,Mo.,areainthelate1890's.ItquicklybecamethemostpopularmusicstyleintheUnitedStates.Ragtimewasanenergeticandsyncopatedvarietyofmusic,primarilyforthepiano,thatemphasizedformalcomposition.Thebluesisaformofmusicthathasalwaysbeenanimportantpartofjazz.TheblueswasespeciallywidespreadintheAmericanSouth.Itsmournfulscaleandsimplerepeatedharmonieshelpedshapethecharacterofjazz.Jazzinstrumentalistshavelongexploitedthebluesasavehicleforimprovisation.新托福阅读背景知识：EarlyjazzEarlyjazz.FullydevelopedjazzmusicprobablyoriginatedinNewOrleansatthebeginningofthe1900's.NewOrleansstylejazzemergedfromthecity'sownmusicaltraditionsofbandmusicforblackfuneralprocessionsandstreetparades.Today,thistypeofjazzissometimescalledclassicjazz,traditionaljazz,orDixielandjazz.NewOrleanswasthemusicalhomeofthefirstnotableplayersandcomposersofjazz,includingcontestsBuddyBoldenandKingOliver,cornetsandtrumpeterLouisArmstrong,saxophonistandclarinetistSidneyBechtel,andpianistJellyRollMorton.JazzsoonspreadfromNewOrleanstootherpartsofthecountry.FateMarbleledaNewOrleansbandthatplayedonriverboatstravelingupanddowntheMississippiRiver.KingOlivermigratedtoChicago,andJellyRollMorto