托福阅读推理题解题思路.docx

托福阅读推理题解题思路一、推理题的标志推理题的题干中一般含有infer,imply,mostlikely,leastlikely,probably等词，分为有共性的推理题和无共性的推理题两大类。二、推理题的做法对于无共性的推理题，也就是题干中无线索的，一般使用排除法，即根据各个选项的关键词回原文定位，通过排除法得出正确答案。对于有共性的推理题，也就是题干中有线索的，建议考生可以先圈定题干中的关键词，根据关键词回原文定位，然后进行推理。推理题主要有下列思路：1.一般对比推理ETS设计推理题的手段不多，根据两个事物的对比特征出题是其中之一。问其中一个事物的特征时，只要将与之形成对比的另一个事物的特征否定掉就可以了。例如：Itshouldbeobviousthatcetaceans,whales,porpoises,anddolphinsaremammals.Theybreathethroughlungs,notthroughgills,andgivebirthtoliveyoung.Theirstreamlinedbodies,theabsenceofhindlegs,andthepresenceofaflukeandblowholecannotdisguisetheiraffinitieswithland-dwellingmammals.However,unlikethecasesofseaottersandpinnipeds(seals,sealions,andwalruseswhoselimbsarefunctionalbothonlandandatsea),itisnoteasytoenvisionwhatthefirstwhaleslookedlike.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromparagraph1aboutearlyseaotters?A.Itisnotdifficulttoimaginewhattheylookedlike.B.Thereweregreatnumbersofthem.C.Theylivedintheseaonly.D.Theydidnotleavemanyfossilremains.2.时间对比推理这种思路常被考到。在这种推理中，一般有两个形成对比的时间段，它们所具有的特征一般相反。当题干问一个时间段的特征时，只要将与之相反的时间段的特征否定掉就可以了。例：BasictoanyunderstandingofCanadainthe20yearsaftertheSecondWorldWaristhecountry’simpressivepopulationgrowth….…ItappearedthatCanadawasoncemorefallinginstepwiththetrendtowardsmallerfamiliesthathadoccurredallthroughtheWesternworldsincethetimeoftheIndustrialRevolution.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatbeforetheIndustrialRevolution(A)familieswerelarger.(B)populationstatisticswereunreliable.(C)thepopulationgrewsteadily.(D)economicconditionswerebad.3.集合概念推理集合概念推理也可以称之为百分比推断，它指的是在一个集合中，包含两个相对的方面，共同构成一个大的集合。一方所占的比例减少意味着另一方所占比例的增加;反之，一方所占的比例增加意味着另一方所占比例的减少。根据这一思路，可以由集合中一方的数量变化推断另一方的消减。例：Afolkcultureissmall,isolated,cohesive,conservative,nearlyself-sufficientgroupthatishomogeneousincustomandrace,withastrongfamilyorclanstructureandhighlydevelopedrituals.…UnalteredfolkculturesnolongerexistinindustrializedcountriessuchastheUnitedStatesandCanada….Bycontrast,apopularcultureisalargeheterogeneousgroup,oftenhighlyindividualisticandconstantlychanging.Whatdoestheauthorimplyabou