油料树籽油制备生物柴油的工艺研究.doc

油料树籽油制备生物柴油的工艺研究摘要由于环境问题和能源问题的日益严重，对可再生能源的开发已经逐步成为当今科学研究的热点。生物柴油是以动、植物油脂以及废弃的油脂为原料与甲醇经酯交换反应制备的新型替代能源，其主要成分是脂肪酸甲酯。生物柴油具有粘度低、闪点高、十六烷值高、无毒和可生物降解等优点，而且可以减轻大气的温室气体浓度。对解决地球升温、酸雨问题、改善人类的生存环境、实现经济的可持续发展具有重要的意义。本课题以油料树籽油为原料油，采用固体碱催化剂将油料树籽油转化为生物柴油。本课题主要分为三个步骤来研究：第一、与以其他油品为原料来合成生物柴油的工艺参数做比较得出该工艺的最优参数范围为：最适醇油比的范围为4:1~12:1，催化剂的用量的范围为4wt%~12wt%，反应温度的范围为60℃~80℃和反应时间的范围为90min~180min。第二、假定反应时间为180min，通过单因素法设计出13组实验粗略得出植物籽油制备生物柴油的最优工艺参数为最适醇油比为9:1，催化剂的用量为6wt%，反应温度65℃。第三、在此基础上通过Box-Behnken法设计出13组实验得出该工艺的最优工艺参数为：醇油比为9.9:1，催化剂用量为4wt%，反应温度为71.23℃，反应时间为60min。关键词：生物柴油,籽油，固体碱催化剂，Box-Behnken法BIODIESELPRODUCTIONFROMENERGY-TREESEEDOILABSTRACTAsenvironmentalissuesandenergyissuesbecameserious,thedevelopmentofrenewableenergyhasattractedmoreandmoreattentionbypresentresearcher.Biodieselisoneofthealternativestopetroleumfuelanditcanbeproducedthroughtrans-esterificationofvegetableoil,animalfatsandrecyclegreaseswithmethanolinthepresenceofacatalyst.Themaincomponentofbiodieselisfattyacidmethylesters.Biodieselhasmanyadvantages:lowviscosity,highflashpoint,highcetanenumber,non-toxicandbiodegradable,anditcanreducegreenhousegasesreleasetotheatmosphereduringtheutilization.Itisofagreatsignificanceforsolvingtheglobalwarmingproblemandreductionofacidrain,protectingenvironmentandachievingsustainableeconomicdevelopment.Inthisstudy,seedoilwasusedasthefeedstock.Themainsubjectofthisstudyisdividedintothreeparts:Thefirst,theparametersoftheproductionofbiodieselwassettledasbelow:themolarratiosofmethanoltooilisintherangeof4:1~12:1,quantityofacidcatalystisintherangeof4wt%~12wt%,reactiontemperatureisintherangeof60℃~80℃andreactiontimerangesfrom90min~180min.Thesecond,13experimentsweredesignedbythesinglefactormethodtodeterminetheoptimalparameters.After180minreaction,acidvaluesofreactedmixtureweredetectedandtheresultsshowedthattheoptimalconditionsofbiodieselproductionare:molarratiosofmethanoltooil,9:1;loadedacidcatalyst,6wt%;reactiontemperature,65℃.Thelast,basedontheaboveresults,13experimentswereobtainedbyBOX-Behnk