初中英语语法宾语从句讲解-专项练习及答案(word文档良心出品).doc

PAGE\*MERGEFORMAT14英语语法宾语从句讲解小口诀：宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词；主句一般现在时，从句不需受限制；主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时；陈述转化that引，一般疑问用if/whether,特殊问句疑问词，引导词后陈述式。基本讲解来源：直接引语变间接引语概念:在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句，可做V谓/介词短语的宾语。e.g.Hesaid,“Iamgoodatdrawing”.Hesaidhewasgoodatdrawing.(动词宾语)MissZhangisangryatwhatyousaid.(介词宾语)1.引导词(1)that引导宾语从句时，通常用陈述句充当,that可省略。e.g.Shesaid,“Iwanttogothere”Shesaid(that)shewantedtogothere.Theyallknow(that)Jimisgoodatskating.(2)whether或if引导的宾语从句,由一般疑问句/选择疑问句充当，陈述语序。e.g.“Areyouinterestedingeography?”shesaid.Sheaskedif/whetherIwasinterestedingeography.Iwonderif/whethershehastoldthenewtoLiLei.I’mnotsurewhetherhewillcomeornot.注意：一般情况下，whether和if可以互用，但有些情况例外a.介词短语后只用whether不用ife.g.Wearetalkingaboutwhetherwe'llgoonthepanic.b.引导词与动词不定式或ornot连用时，只用whether.e.g.Ican’tsaywhetherornothewillcomeontimec.if当如果讲时,引导的是条件状语从句，表示‘如果’，不能用whether.e.g.Ifyouwanttobeagoodteacher,itwilltaketimes.Whetheryoucansucceeddependsonhowmucheffortyoupay.(3)特殊疑问词引导宾语从句时，不可省略，陈述句语序。特殊疑问词为：how,when,where,why,whichwhose.What引导宾从时做主语或宾语或表语等。e.g.‘Whatdoyouwant?’Heasked.HeaskedmewhatIwanted.Ihavenoideawhereheisnow.Idon’tknowhowtodealwithit.Heaskedwhosehandwritingisthebestintheclass.对比下列句子，看what做什么成分：Heaskedwhatwasthewrong/matterwithme.（what做主语）Hedoesn’tknowwhattodonow.(做宾语)Heaskedmewhohewas.(who做表语)2.宾语从句时态a.主句为一般现在时，从句不受主句的限制e.g.Doyouknowif/whetherhehasseenthefilm?I’msorrytohearthatyourfatherisill.ShesayssheisgoingtogotoBeijingnextweek.Hetellsmethathissistercamebackyesterday.b.当主句是一般过去时，从句用过去的相应某种时态Shedidn’tknowwhytheboywaslateagain.(过去一般)Ididn'tknowif/whetherhehadseenthefilm.（过去完成）IwonderedwhenshewasgoingtoAmerica.（过去将来）注意：当主句是一般过去时，而从句表示的是客观真理，自然现象，科学原理，格言等，从句仍然要用一般现在时。例如：e.g.Hesaid（thattheearthmovesroundthesun./thatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.）Theteachertoldus（seeingisbelieving.）3.语序：陈述语序，主+谓+其他*whenwillyouleaveforBeijing?（Couldyoupleasetellme）CouldyoupleasetellmewhenyouwillleaveforBeijing?*Hassheseenthemovie？（Heasked.）Heaskedifshehadseenthemovie.*Couldyoutellmewhat'sthematter/wrongwithyou?二、宾语从句的转化1.当主句谓语动词是hope，w