Chemistry-in-daily-life--生活中的化学(英语论文).docx

ChemistryindailylifeAnintroductionChemistryisanaturalscience,mainlysearchthematerialcomposition,properties,structureandchanging.Itistheprimarymethodstorecognizingandrebuildingthephysicalworld.Ourdailylifeisvarious,richandcolorful.Withtheimprovementofpeople'slife,moreandmorepeoplepreferhealth,highqualitylife.People'sbasiciscloselyrelatedtoChemistry.Itcanbesaidthatwecannotlivewithoutchemistry.Modernchemistryincludinginorganicchemistry,organicchemistry,physicalchemistry,analyticalchemistryandpolymerchemistry.(无机化学、有机化学、物理化学、分析化学与高分子化学).ApplicationinthebasicnecessitiesoflifeTheuseofiodizedsalt.Iodineisanessentialnutritionalelement,long-termiodinedeficiencycanleadtobigneckdisease,intakeiodizedsaltisthemostsimple,economic,effectivemethodtotreatthisdisease.Iodizedsaltcontainingsodiumchloride(氯化钠)andpotassiumiodate（碘酸钾）.Potassiumiodateprovidetheiodinethathumanbodyneeds,butthepotassiumiodateisnotstableandeasytodecomposewhenitistobeheatedorlight,thusaffectingtheintakeofiodine.Sowhenwecookingshouldpayattentiontothat:afteraddingsaltweshouldtakeoutthefoodquickly,notlongtimetostewedorstirfired.Nowthemostconvenientmeansoftransportationistheautomobile,butthecarwillproducealotofexhaustemissionsintheprocessofrunning.Whatkindofharmdoescarexhausthastohumanhealth?Carbonmonoxideisacolorless(无色),odorless（无臭）,tasteless（无味）,andnonirritating（无刺激性）toxicgas.Itwiththeairthroughthelungsintothebloodcirculation,combinedwiththehemoglobin(血红蛋白)intheblood,reducingtheoxygencarryingcapacityofredbloodcells,effectsofrespirationandheart,brainfunction.Longterminhalationofnitrogenoxidescandestroythelungtissue(肺组织),nitrogenoxidescancausetissuehypoxia（缺氧）andinjurythesystemictissue.Nowadays,theadditiveischemicalsynthesisthatcanimprovefoodquality,prolongthepreservationperiodoffoodinordertoquickenfoodprocessingandincreasefoodnutrition.Forexample,acidityregulator,colorprotectingagent,enzymepreparations,flavoringagent,anticakingagent,defoamingagent,antioxidant,bleach,leaveningagent,preservative（防腐剂）,sweetener，thic