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外文翻译--温室气体的排放.doc

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外文原文Evolvingtechnologicalsystemsfordieselengineemissioncontrol:balancingGHGandlocalemissionsABSTRACTTheTriad—NorthAmerica,JapanandEurope—nowaddressesdieselvehicleemissionsbyrequiring40–80%reductionsfromnewheavy-dutytrucksandpassengercardiesels.Therequirementsimplyintroductionofnewtechnologyandfuelsstepwiseduring2005–2012thatwillleaveemissionsfromnewdieselvehiclesonparwiththelevelsofgasolinepassengercars.Thispaperstudiestherecentdevelopmentofdieselengineemissioncontrolinresponsetonewregulation.TheroleforSwedishactors,includingtwooftheworld’smajortruckmanufacturers,isespeciallystudied.TheincreasinglyglobalTechnologicalSystemfordieselengineemissioncontroliscompelledtomanagefurtherreductionsofnitrogenoxidesemissionsandfuelconsumptionandCO2,thebalanceofwhichhasbeenthesubjectofseverallargelegaldisputes.SwedishOEMsareatpresentsplitintotwotechnologicalsub-trajectories,whilethefuturemaybemulti-prongedandincludenewenginetypesandfuels.Interestingly,similarcommercialadvantagesthatweresoughtbythepioneersintroducingadvancedfeedbackloopcatalysisingasolinecarsinthe1970sarenowsoughtbysomeheavy-dutydieselenginemanufacturersbyconverselyavoidingthemainstream—Selectivecatalyticreduction—solution.Incrementalinnovationisthenewradical.IntroductionComingregulationsintheleadingregionsofEU,NorthAmericaandJapanondieselvehicleemissionswillreducenon-CO2emissionstothesamelevelasgasolinepassengercars.Thismeansthattherollingstockofheavy-dutyvehiclesinthecomingdecadewilltakeabigstepforwardinemissionsreductionforallregulatedemissions.Thediesel-poweredtruckisthebackboneofcommercialroadtransportation,andincreasinglydieselalsofuelspassengercars.Themainareasforregulationarenitrogenoxides(NOx)andparticles.InUSA,EuropeandJapan—thethreedominantglobalmarketsforvehicleemissionregulation—thelimitvaluesarereducedby40–80%followingregionalregulation.InareporttotheSwedishAgencyforInnovationSystems(BaunerandLaestadius2005),competingdieselemissioncontroltechnologiesaredescribed,andtheindustrialconsequencesandpotenti