碳纳米材料的研究进展.doc

碳纳米材料的研究进展XX武汉大学化学与分子科学学院摘要:碳纳米材料是具有纳米尺寸的碳材料，它有纳米材料的特性如表面效应，并且已经在许多领域中有着广泛的应用，如新能源、高效的储存器及各种电子器件。由于碳元素在自然界中丰度大，相对质量小，化学与热力学性质稳定，所以在最近的二十年里碳材料在轻质、稳定结构材料方面有很广泛的应用。尤其像富勒烯、碳纳米管、石墨烯、碳纤维等碳纳米结构材料引起了科学家们的广泛关注。并且这些材料有可能为我们在新能源和高效的微电子器件方面带来革命性的突破。本文将通过最新的研究成果，介绍碳纳米材料在电学器件、光学器件、传感器件等方面的应用，比较说明富勒烯，碳纳米管，石墨烯等材料的潜在应用前景，并对未来石墨烯的研究中的挑战做综述性论述。关键词：碳纳米材料发展趋势新的研究成果微电子器件ThedevelopmentofcarbonnanomaterialsYangLiCollegeofchemistryandmolecular,WuhanuniversityAbstract:carbonnanomaterialsmaterials,thatis,carbonmaterialswithafeaturesizeonthenanometerscaleand,insomecases,functionalizedsurfaces,alreadyplayanimportantroleinawiderangeofemergingfields,suchasthesearchfornovelenergysources,efficientenergystorage,sustainablechemicaltechnology,aswellasorganicelectronicmaterials.Thehighnaturalabundanceofcarbon,itslowspecificweight,aswellasthechemicalandthermalrobustnessofthedifferentcarbonallotropeshaveresultedincarboncomponentsbeingincreasinglyutilizedincheap,lightweight,anddurablehigh-performancematerialsoverthepasttwodecades.[1]Inparticular,carbonnanostructuressuchasfullerenes,carbonnanotubes(CNTs),graphene,andcarbonfibersarefamous.Furthermore,suchmaterialsmightoffersolutionstothechallengesassociatedwiththeon-goingdepletionofnonrenewableenergyresourcesorclimatechange,andtheymaypromotefurtherbreakthroughsinthefieldofmicroelectronics.Here,wepresentanextensivereviewofcarbonnanomaterialsinelectronic,optoelectronic,photovoltaic,andsensingdeviceswithaparticularfocusonthelatestexamplesbasedonthehighestpuritysamples.Specificattentionisdevotedtoeachclassofcarbonnanomaterial,therebyallowingcomparativeanalysisofthesuitabilityoffullerenes,carbonnanotubes,andgrapheneforeachapplicationarea.Inthismanner,thisarticlewillprovideguidancetofutureapplicationdevelopersandalsoarticulatetheremainingresearchchallengesconfrontingthisfield.Keywordscarbonnanomaterialsdevelopmenttrendnewresearchresultsmicroelectronics引言：碳元素是生命的骨架,是人类最早接触并利用的元素之一碳元素的最大特点之一是存在众多的同素异形体,如金刚石、石墨、富勒烯、碳纳米管、石墨烯、卡拜等。金刚石和石墨属于块状材料，而富勒烯碳纳米管、石墨烯及卡拜等则是低维碳纳米材料